The Nature of Humans in Lord of the Flies by William Golding

The nature of human: are humans born good or evil? These two opposing views on human nature are two topics that Rousseau and Golding have both touched upon. While Golding believes that humans are born inherently evil, Rousseau believes the opposite: that humans are inherently good. Golding wrote the novel Lord of the Flies as a response of the novel, The Coral Island by R.M. Ballantyne because he believed that it was far-fetched. In this novel Ballantyne’s main characters are able to enjoy their time on the deserted island. My opinion on this matter leans to Rousseau’s side. I believe that people are born naturally good. Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva in 1712 and died in 1778 in France. While Golding lived through the two World Wars, Rousseau never lived through such conflict. A topic of Rousseau’s that always came up is about how humans can keep their freedom despite their dependence on one another. He believed that there were two things that had somet hing to do with this topic and that was a human’s material and psychological need and that the latter was more important. Rousseau believed that humans get their sense of self due to opinion of others. Rousseau believes that humans are inherently born good and that and that it is society’s corruption that causes humans to be evil. William Golding was born in 1911 in Cornwall, England and died in 1993. William Golding was born only three years before the start of World War I. Golding lived through both World WarsShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature in Lord of the Flies by William Golding709 Words   |  3 Pagesyou’ve helped someone in need. Many psychologists say human nature motivates this excitement within. Human nature can affect an individual by how one sees themselves, sees others, and sees society. It is our desires, reactions, needs, instincts, and goals one aims for. Human nature may guide the direction of society, for humans group together creating a desired c ultural upbringing, living among one another. In William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, the end of innocence has risen for some very unluckyRead MoreHuman Nature and Philosophy in Lord of the Flies by William Golding583 Words   |  2 PagesTwo philosophers of different eras tackle the same topic, human nature, and a great argument breaks out. Is man inherently evil, like William Golding believes? Or is man good at heart but inevitably becomes corrupted by the society he lives in, as said by Jean Jacques Rousseau? Both philosophers have very strong opinions and well reasoning for what they believe. Golding’s views are displayed well throughout his novel, Lord of the Flies; a tale about strong minded, young boys stranded on an islandRead More Human Nature in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay3078 Words   |  13 PagesLord of the Flies is an extraordinarily well-written novel that teaches one how to live life. When asked about the philosophy of the book, the author, William Golding, replied, The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. The moral is that the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectful. This completely exemplifies the theme of the novel. Lord ofRead MoreHuman Nature In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding And Joseph Conrad1047 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of humankind, there is an eminent pattern of primitive and truculent behaviour. William Golding and Joseph Conrad recognised this basic nature of humanity and portrayed it in their novels, Lord of the Flies and Heart of Darkness. The environmental and circumstantial influence on one’s human nature is thought to have the greatest impact, as the isolation from civilisation manumits the evil inside. Human nature, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is â€Å"the general psychological characteristics,Read MoreEssay on Human Nature in William Golding ´s Lord of the Flies686 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, a 20th century novel written by William Golding, countless issues are portrayed; however the essential nature of humankind is, perhaps, the most recurring. From the moment we meet the boys after they land on the island, it is obvious that this fundamental issue will play out through the entire length of the novel, and, as it progresses, the deeper Golding will delve into mankind’s true nature. Shown through the loss of innocence, social skills, and order, the nature of humankindRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding1585 Words   |  7 Pages Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional novel highlighting natural characteristics of man kind. The Book was created during the post World War II period. Before creating this novel, William had experience in the navy where he learned of the nature of mankind. The introduction of the book portrays a plane crash where a large group of boys are stranded on an island. Here they grow in character and human instincts such as leadership, brutality, and survival are displayedRead MoreLord of the Flies: World War IIs Impact Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies: World War II’s Impact Lord of the Flies by William Golding was influenced strongly by his experiences as a naval officer during World War II. Golding’s wartime service gave him a darker and more realistic look on life, and contributed to the novel’s imagery. As Golding described, World War II woke him up from his falsified beliefs about human nature by showing him the true human condition (â€Å"Lord of the Flies,† Novels 175). Lord of the Flies, as Golding explained, is â€Å"an attemptRead MoreThe Prominence of Evil in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding799 Words   |  3 Pagesor bad; malicious. Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, exemplifies how everyone in society is more evil than good and how it can get the best of all. The book actively traces the problems of society back to human nature and savagery that lies within the human race. Golding shows how the lacking parental control no rules, is the downfall of their humanity in as much as they lose the characteristics soc iety and civilization gives them. Golding’s argument is that human nature can be very brutalRead MoreLord Of The Flies Pig Head Analysis1023 Words   |  5 Pages2017 The Symbolic Meaning of the Lord of the Flies â€Å"We are civilized people, which means that we are all savages at heart but observing a few amenities of civilized behaviour.† Tennessee Williams, a prize winning playwright once stated about civilized humans. In the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding this quote depicts what the book is trying to point out and display to us. The quote ties in with the pig head on a stick, otherwise known as the Lord of the Flies. The pig head was killed barbaricallyRead More Struggle Between Good and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1186 Words   |  5 PagesGood and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚   Evil is not an external force controlled by the devil, but rather the potential for evil resides within each person. Man has the potential to exhibit great kindness or to rape and pillage. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this evil that exists in the heart of man. With his mastery of such literary tool as structure, syntax, diction, point of view and presentation of character, Golding allows the reader

Analysis of “The Raven” Essay - 1264 Words

Noted for its supernatural atmosphere and musically rhythmic tone, â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe was first published in 1845. Once published, â€Å"The Raven† made Edgar Allan Poe widely popular, although he did not flourish financially. Poe received a large amount of attention from critics, who not only interpreted, but critiqued his work. He claimed to have structured the poem logically and systematically, so that the poem would appeal to not only critical tastes, but popular as well. The writing of the poem is like no other. The mysterious mood it conveys and deep meaning take you beyond the text into an almost nightmare-like illusion. Poe claimed that the poem was inspired by a talking raven in Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of†¦show more content†¦The man then asks the Raven for his name. Surprisingly the Raven answers, and croaks â€Å"Nevermore.† The man knows that the bird cannot speak from wisdom. He assumes that the bird was taught by â€Å"some unhappy master.† The man is so lonely that he decides to welcome the raven in, although, he is sad that the friend he just made will be gone in the morning (1174). He says out loud, â€Å"Other friends have flown before- On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before.† Then the bird replies, â€Å"Nevermore.† Surprised the man smiled and pulled up a chair, interested in knowing what the raven meant when he croaked, â€Å"Nevermore.† The chair he sat in brought back painful memories of his love, Lenore and how she used to sit in that chair. Knowing that the raven’s speech is irrational he still asks the raven questions. Since the narrator already knows that the raven can only speak one word, he assumes the bird’s responses. The man asks, â€Å"Is there balm in Gilead? The bird replies, Nevermore. Can Lenore be found in paradise? - Nevermore. The man becomes angered and yells, â€Å"Take thy form from off my door! Of course the bird replies, Nevermore.(1175) Lastly the man surrenders, realizing that continuing the conversation with the raven would be pointless. And his soul from out that shadow that the raven throws on the floor, Shall be lifted -- Nevermore! (1175) WhatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 1813 Words   |  8 PagesThose that have read â€Å"The Raven† may not fully understand what the young man in the poem is feeling and may question why does he do these things. Have a better understanding of the character’s feelings and what he must have gone through. He closes himself off from others and gains a fascinating raven that flies into his home. Some believe the reason why his is sad and lonely is because he self-torments. Though in reality the young man only misses his beloved so greatly that he can’t help but feelRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Raven905 Words   |  4 Pagesto look for what it really means that it is called literary analysis. A good piece of work to use is Edgar Allen Poe s The Raven. The Raven has a lot of different literature elements at work such as symbolism, theme, POV. In the Raven Edgar writes a poem about a man that is very sad. The man is sad because he misses his loved one her name was Lenore. The man cannot forget about Lenore and every night the man is visited man the Raven. Short Summary.....The Lady is the main focus for the man sheRead MoreThe Raven Critical Analysis1111 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Raven† Analysis Edgar Allan Poe’s life was inevitably gloomy and it is strongly reflected in a majority of his literary work. Poe’s father abandoned him when he was just a year old and his mother died the following year from an abominable case of tuberculosis (Edgar Allan Poe.) Poe’s story, â€Å"The Raven†, reflects his sadness toward losing his former wife, Virginia Eliza Clemm whom he married in 1835. The story details the night of an unnamed narrator studying an old book on a December nightRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 1795 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of the Raven (The Poem Itself, and Its Symbolism) â€Å"The Raven† has been one of the most recognizable works in American poetry because of its haunting, music-like quality. It is also known for its hypnotic sound and uniform tone of melancholy. Poe needed to create a masterpiece people could remember him by. He used all of his best writing talents in his poem; repetition, parallelism, internal rhyme, alliteration, and assonance, so that he would be committed to the memories of all peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 918 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Raven† has been hailed by critics to be a defining work in the history of poetry. â€Å"Mariana†, a poem by Lord Alfred Tennyson draws from similar feelings and themes. As a result, the two poems are intertwined, similar to a startling degree. However, they set themselves apart from the other in several distinct ways. Even though both main characters long for a lost loved one, their psychological responses and states of mind differ. Additionally, the themes of the poems themselvesRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Raven1121 Words   |  5 PagesWithin the poem â€Å"The Raven† written by Edgar Allen Poe, is a speaker who lives alone. The speaker within the poem must confront the reality of his circumstances, by admitting the death of his wife named Lenore. Throughout the poem, Edgar Allen Poe describes the vicious cyclical combat of grief through the speaker, as he imagines faint whispering and tapping on his door. Within his psychotic episodes, the speaker witnesses a talking raven. The raven acts as a symbol of truth concerning the death ofRead MoreThe Three Ravens Analysis1303 Words   |  6 PagesWithin this essay, I will be discussing the folk tale ballad ‘The Three Ravens’ and William Wordsworth’s ‘The Tables Turned’ in reference to Wordworth’s ‘Preface to Lyrical Ballads, with Pastoral and Other Poems’ as well as Jean-Paul Sat re’s ‘Why Write?’ section from ‘What is Literature’. This will be done through the use of form, poetic language, and the narrative of the poems in order to determine the most important aspects of ballad and improve our understanding of the ballad itself. ByRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 2111 Words   |  9 PagesThe Raven versus Ode to a Nightingale â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of a young adult who has lost the woman he was in love with and is struggling cope. The story-teller compulsorily builds self-destructive understanding of his mourning in a raven’s constant Nevermore reminder to him, until he eventually gives up about being reconnected with Lenore in the new world. On the other hand, John Keats’ â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is another interesting poem set in London, which tells the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe1487 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF LENORE The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is undoubtedly one of the most famous poems ever written. With its haunting imagery and masterfully crafted suspense, as well as the famous refrain â€Å"nevermore†, The Raven is mesmerizing, hypnotic, terrifying, exciting, and irresistible. Besides its outstanding sounds and imagery, the secret to the Raven’s persistent and ubiquitous popularity also lies in the universality of the theme with which it deals – namely, the theme of the lost Beloved. At theRead MoreShort Analysis for The Raven and â€Å"What Troubled Poe’s Raven†2253 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The Raven† I feel the title suggests that the poem might entail a story about a raven. Ravens are often associated with death, due to their dark, eerie features, as well as with trickery, thus the title clues that the story will most likely be shadier. The speaker of the poem is a man who is troubled by the memories of his lost love, Lenore, and of his impending death. â€Å"And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor shall be lifted—nevermore!† (106, 107) indicates the speaker

Quality of Leadership in an Organization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Quality of Leadership in an Organization. Answer: Organizational effectiveness and efficiency is often associated with the quality of leadership in an organization. The importance of leadership is highly recognized for the success of an organization due to their strategic vision and the power to influence the behavior of their subordinates. They play a role in introducing the right change in organization and fulfilling the organized plan and motive within a situational content. To further understand the impact of good leadership for group development and success, this essay provides a critical discussion on the relationship between traits, motives and effectiveness of leaders. All the traits and leadership practice is also evaluated by linking with theoretical perspective and reflecting on the application of theoretical perspective in public domain. All the top influential leaders in the world have achieved such eminent titles due to their exceptional leadership traits, motives and character. Apart from personality traits, effective leaders possess effective leadership skills and characteristics. Some of the unique traits of effective leaders are self-objectivity, self-awareness, dominance, enthusiasm and persistence in dealing with critical problems (Northouse, 2017).The trait of self-confidence, assertiveness and enthusiasm drives an individual to achieve their leadership motive too. For instance, if a leader has the confidence and strong desire to achieve certain objectives, they can easily achieve important leadership motive. Other important motives of leaders includes power motive to control and influence others behavior, achievement motive to excel in workplace and tenacity to persist with the goal irrespective of difficulties and hurdles. The research by Heyi (2007) clearly explains the relationship between leadership tra its and leadership performance by stating that risk taking perception and artistic skill is positively correlation with performance. However, the traits and performance attributes differed on the basis of different types of culture in organization. For example, in support-oriented culture, affiliation and understanding motive is necessary for performance whereas in rule-orientation culture, power motive has a positive correlation with performance of leaders. Another insight into relationship between traits and effective leadership is understood from the research by Day et al., (2015) which explained that personality factor determines effective leadership. The theoretical perspective on the contribution of personality on a leaders performance is understood from the Big Five personality theory. The theory explains that five wide traits defined human personality and this included openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extroversion and neuroticism (emotional stability) (Colbert, Barrick, Bradley, 2014). Day et al., (2015) indicated that the big five personality factor of conscientiousness is positively associated with effective leadership. Hence, different patterns of leadership determine its impact of leadership skill development and performance. In future, there is a need to stimulate better leadership through better personality development. Critical analysis of different leadership theories can also help to determine the association between traits and effectiveness of leaders. Review of leadership theories shows that each theory mentioned some trait factors that defines different leadership style and action. In the theoretical discussions of effective leaders, traits of leaders have always occupied a central place. For instance, the trait theory of leadership defined some common trait of leadership and person with such trait were defined as more suitable to be an effective leader (Dinh et al., 2014). On the contrary, Day et al., (2015) has showed the positive relationship between personality traits and effective leadership. Hence, it can be said that exposure to different situations and task transforms an individual into effective leaders. Although the trait theory has limitation, it has still found applications in modifying leadership practice in real context. For example, the trait theory is now used for self-assessme nt and comparison with traits that top leaders exhibit. Organization use the ideas of the theory to determine which type of individual can fit their organization. Therefore, it has found application in career development and determining training needs in future leaders. Another theoretical underpinning of leadership is understood from the contingency theory of leadership. This theory pays attention to the link between leadership style and the situation. Therefore, contrary to the trait theory, the contingency theory of leadership emphasizes that good leadership is dependent not on the style of leading but the ability of an individual to have control over a situation (McCleskey, 2014). The implication of the contingency theory is that future leaders need to be dynamic in their role as a leader. It encourages a leader to be vigilant and critically analyzing the consequences of an action for the whole organization (Van Wart, 2014). This also give the indication that people willing to be an effective leader must have to evaluate multiple causes of an issue and integrate all the thread that gets connected to engage in decision making and problem solving process. Therefore, the contingency theory defines appropriate leadership practices for organizational effectiveness. The contingency approach defines that certain alternative actions for the organization cannot be decided in advance and it needs to adjusted according to the situations faced during leadership. In public domain, the contingency theory has been applied in different research work to inform effective leadership practice. For instance, Waters, (2013) used the contingency theory to identify relationship building tactics of managers. It focused on analyzing the effectiveness of the contingency theory in defining public relations leader and how they apply relationship building tactics in organization. The public relation field was found to be compatible with the contingency theory as public relations leader adapt strategies based on environmental and situational factors. But contrary to this view, Thomas (2009) also argues that strong personal foundation is necessary to develop leadership skill and effectively respond to different situations. This study gives the indication that to develop future leaders, some amount of training and workshop is also needed apart from existing skills. Despite the limitation, this theory also defines the approach needed for leadership practice. It h as helped organization to identify optimal roles for individual leadership styles and recruit ideal person in that role. In response to limitations in different theory, another leadership theory was developed B.F. Skinner. He searched for ideal behaviors needed by leaders and came up with the behavioral theory of leadership. This theory uses the tactic of award and punishment to change the behavior of a group. For example, an employee comes late will be reprimanded by leaders, whereas those who come early will be appreciated. This theory indicates that inborn trait is not needed to become a good leader (Lussier Achua, 2015). The behavioral theory is a big leap from the trait theory and it encourage people to acquire and learn effective leadership capability. This positive approach invites all people to leadership development. This theory welcomes and embraces diversity and gives all people the chance to develop as a powerful leader. The type of leadership defined in this theory implies that it supports participative decision making and promote both individual and team development by aligning to needs of both. Hence, this theory has attracted more attention from practicing managers because it focused on what leaders do rather what qualities do they possess. Therefore, despite different leader leadership styles, managers can find the right balance to promote productivity. The behavioral leadership theory has helped to address many diversity initiatives in public domain. Such approach enhances the motivation of an individual in the leadership role and also gives bottom line advantage to organizations. Many effective programs have been implemented according to the needs of organization. Currently several tools are available to help leaders have predictive control over their organizational staffs (Day et al., 2014). So, when behavioral approach is applied correctly, it can promote development of a multicultural organization that is ready to meet all challenges in business. It can be summarized that all leadership theory has links between the traits, motive and effectiveness of leaders. Secondly, despite limitations all found application in the real world to improve leadership practices or promote leadership development. The essay gave an insight into the role of leaders for organizational excellence and efficiency in an organization. The discussion defined the key traits, motive and characteristics that define powerful leaders and discussed about the relation between key traits and effectiveness of leader. The discussion was further developed by critical discussion about different leadership theory and their role in defining leadership style and roles. Different contrasting points were found in each theory. For example, the trait theory focused on having certain traits to excel as a leader, whereas the contingency theory dismissed this fact and gave the argument that leaders develop on the basis of control over different situation and not the traits. Another contrasting view was according to behavioral theory was that no person is a born leader and they develop them by learning and training. Despite limitation, link between theory and practice was found as all theories found application in public do main in the area of career development, self-assessment and leadership development. References Waters, R. (2013). The role of stewardship in leadership: Applying the contingency theory of leadership to relationship cultivation practices of public relations practitioners.Journal of Communication Management,17(4), 324-340. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 63-82. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 63-82. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Heyi, S., Na, M. A. O., Dan, G. U. O. (2007). The Study on Relationship between the Traits of Leaders and the Performance of the Leaders under Different Organizational Cultures1/etude de la relation entre les traits de leaders et leur performance sous de differentes cultures organisationnelles.Canadian Social Science,3(1), 39. Colbert, A. E., Barrick, M. R., Bradley, B. H. (2014). Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 351-387. Lussier, R.N. Achua, C.F., 2015.Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Northouse, P. G. (2017).Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Sage Publications. Thomas, R.J. (2009), The leadership lessons of crucible experiences, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 21-26. Van Wart, M. (2014).Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.

Profession and Cultural Language

Executive summary Psychology is one among many professions that is considered to be fulfilling. The psychologists are concerned with the behavior of human beings. They are mainly interested in solving problems that are emotional and mental.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Profession and Cultural Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their aim is to help patients recover and live normal lives. Like in other professions psychology has its own culture and language. Culture and language are revealed in their daily practice as they solve different problems. Culture is evident in the training, teamwork, research, work and experience, ethics, communication and use of internet, working environment. Language is interactive, with frequent use of psychological concepts and based on research. To become a psychologist one trains as an undergraduate for four years. They later work under the supervision of a qualified and registered psychologist. Training enables learners to acquire the language used in the working environment. Experience is gained over time and the individual is considered valuable and knowledgeable. Psychologists learn to deal with different individuals from diverse background and assist them equally. Teamwork yields excellent results as the tasks to be covered are adequately and efficiently done. Effective communication skills have an impact on the quality of work. Written and verbal communication is frequently used. The emails are also used communicate both within and outside the institution. Psychologist can either be self employed or be employed in different organizations. They can work in the area of development of research or be involved with patients. Patients have behavioral problems like drug abuse, mental illness among other emotional problems. They give assistance while observing ethical guidelines provided by the psychological regulatory boards.Advertising Looking for report on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychology engages in research to generate knowledge and to find solutions for emerging problems. Concepts that are used in the profession are as result of the concepts. The findings of research are verifiable and recognized by authorities. Research influence policy making and can be effective in preventing undesirable behavior. Introduction There are many professions that one could join. Before joining students evaluate what their interest is and choose a profession from a long list. Among many professions, psychology is a widely known profession that has been practiced over many years. Many who join the profession are interested in helping people who have emotional and others with mental illnesses. Psychology is a well developed profession. It has well established and developed theories as discussed in the Occupational outlook handbook (2011, p. 1). Those who tr ain in psychology can be employed in institutions and can be self employed. Moreover the field has the challenge of dealing with behavioral problems that have emerged in the contemporary world. Like many other professions, psychology has its own culture and language. This report will identify and discuss the culture and language within psychology. The culture and language of psychology Psychologists though different in areas of specialty have commonality in their practices and language. They observe regulations and ethics of the profession. They focus on behavior to assist patient overcome difficulties and lead healthy lives (Flinders.edu, 2010, p. 2). The America Psychology Association (2011, p. 1) indicates that research is at the core of the profession as theories are developed through research. Concepts are also developed and used as professional language to refer to specific ideas. The language used is understood amongst them and is part of their daily work. Culture within the field of psychology Training Training marks the beginning of a professional journey in psychology. All psychologists are trained to be competent professionals in accredited institutions. They cover units relevant to the field as the tutors mentor them. They participate in individual work, group work and work as interns in psychological institutions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Profession and Cultural Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also engage in research in the relevant field. The training prepares them to be knowledgeable, efficient, effective, team workers and to rely on verifiable knowledge. Those who undergo training can choose to specialize in different areas. they can become sports psychologists, social psychologists, school psychologists, engineering psychologists, clinical psychologists, cognitive and perceptual psychologists, counseling psychologists, educational psychologists, deve lopmental psychologists, evolutionary psychologists, experimental psychologists, forensic psychologists, health psychologists, industrial psychologists, rehabilitation psychologists, research psychologists and neuropsychologist (America Psychology Association 2011, p. 2). After training for four year training in an undergraduate program, the psychologist works under the supervision of qualified and practicing psychologist for two years. Thereafter they can be registered with the professional bodies (Flinders.edu, 2010, p. 4). Team work A common observation in today’s organizations is the adoption of teamwork in the working environment. Teamwork encourages the psychologist to complement each other as well as motivate each other while working. They contribute ideas and share ideas within the teams. A team leader who is a member of the team is in charge of the team. Psychologists share ideas in their team and better decisions are made. However, decisions take a very long time to be concluded and disagreements within the team can affect the efficiency of work negatively. Teamwork creates a competitive environment. Those who fail to meet the targets required and have difficulties coping are likely to be relieved from their work. Research Knowledge on used in the study of psychology is obtained from research findings. The psychologists investigate on a prevailing problem among patient to find explanations of the causes and also find solutions. What is more research can be done to generate knowledge.Advertising Looking for report on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides generating information, research facilitates the psychologist to make informed decisions. Information obtained from research is trusted by the authorities and can influence change in policy. Research is also an effective tool in prediction. Policies can be adopted to prevent undesirable situations in the future from happening. Research helps identify the changes that have occurred and helps the professional deal with specific situations accurately. The information obtained clarifies doubts and differentiate facts from myths. They get information from literature review, observations and investigations. Psychological institutions are diverse in their objectives and goals. The research is done within the organizational objective. The findings are presented inform of report. The report gives details on the investigation done, the findings and the recommendations. Implementation of the recommendations requires may have financial effect among other outcomes. In accordance with the America Psychology Association (2011, p. 1) research is vital in finding solutions to emerging problems. Individuals keep changing behavior which leads to new problems. Research generates knowledge that is used to train new professionals. Moreover the knowledge helps understand different cultures of the world. Work and Experience Lannon (2010) argues that the most experienced psychologists are valuable to their institutions. They are seen as a reservoir of knowledge. The patients prefer those with experience too. Gaining experience means that one must be practicing and at the same time take note of the new developments in the field. Psychologists work hand in hand with other professionals. They work with policy makers, the medical practitioners, school educators and courts as well as interact with a wide range of professionals. They assist people handle mental challenges and emotional experiences so that they can have healthy relationships within their environment. Their advice is highly regarded in disaster management where people are traumatized. There are many opportunities for those who train as psychologists as pointed out by the America Psychology Association (2011, p., 1). Psychologist can provide counseling in a firm, be involved in research, become educators in education institute and may also become a consultant for both individuals and society. Problems that psychologist treat are behavioral and constantly increasing. Some include adolescent rebellion, drug addiction, stress related to work and family life, disasters related trauma and other ailments that are emotional or mental in nature. The field of psychology is one of the most fulfilling professions that last as long as the psychologist is healthy and capable of working. Ethics The ethics within the psychology discipline must be followed. According to Lannon (2010) ethical issues require understanding between members of a profession such that there are well laid regulations and standards that must be followed. Ethics in psychology is requiring psychologist to be conduct themselves in the acceptable manner when handling the patients. Like in other professional bodies, psychology has its own ethics that are stipulated by the psychological regulatory boards, the state and other organizations within the profession (America Psychology Association 2011, p. 2). The significance of following the ethics is ensuring that patients receive quality services. Ethics originate from the professionals. They engage in discussions that lead to formulation of the ethics. The more experienced psychologist is the more likely they are to give contributions. Experienced psychologists give major contributions in the discussions. In some cases they vote before implementing or discarding the idea. Those who violate the ethics could receive sanction from either the state or the psychological organizations. Psychologists have to learn different personalities to be able to communicate. Psychologists deal with different people with unique problems. Listening is given important so that they clearly understand the patient. Communication and use of internet Communication between the professional and patients is important. Within the workplace there are various forms of communication. They include written, verbal and non verbal. The written form of communication is usually formal. It is used by the superiors to communicate to the employees. They give instructions and communicate changes in written memos and letters. The employees use written communication to give feedback to their superiors. The employees request for assistance and give reports inform of writing (America Psychology Association 2011, p. 2). Consistent with Lannon (2010) the world has many developments in technology which have been incorporated in the working environment. The employer and employees use the internet in communication. The emails have been used to recruit and to communicate within the organization. Psych ology is no exception. Patients can get assistance from online psychologists who offer services over the web. The internet is very rich in knowledge and can be handy in assisting professionals find facts very fast. Other institutions have used the internet to communicate with the patients. The institutions have web pages that are designed by the employees to get feedback. Working environment The Occupational outlook handbook (2011) mentions that the working environment in different institutions is diverse. The diversity is identical to the different subfields of psychology and the goals of the institutions. The psychologist adapts to the culture and the goals of the organization that they join. The psychologist gives high regard to patient. The patient is assured of confidence by the psychologist who offers to assist them. After being assured of confidentiality, patient feels liberated to talk to the psychologist. Additionally, they are not supposed to be condemning the patient if t hey confess, their role is to be understanding and have a relationship that will be effective in helping the patient recover. Language within the field of psychology Interactive language Psychologist interacts with the patients engage in a face to face conversation. They maintain good relations. Verbal conversations matter a lot as the psychologist uses a polite and friendly tone while assisting the patient. During the four year training the student of psychology learns the concepts used. They engage in literature review to understand their meaning and importance. Moreover, they can learn about the concepts during internship in a psychological institution. More concepts are learnt in the journals after the publication of an article or a book. Knowledge is cumulative and with time one adds knowledge on the concepts they know and use in conversation or in writing (America Psychology Association 2011, p. 2). Use of psychological concepts Language is one of the best ways of expressing o neself as Lannon (2010) indicates. The language an individual uses gives a lot of information about what the individual. In psychology, language use is important for both the patient and the psychologist. There are several important concepts used in everyday life of a psychologist. According to the America Psychology Association (2011, p. 1) the word psychology refers to the study of an individual’s behavior. This is different from sociology which investigates the behavior of people as a society. What an individual thinks is the concern of the psychologist. To be able to assist an individual they have to understand the individual behavior. Research Concepts used in psychology are generated from research. The concepts are used by psychologist to refer to specific ideas or conditions. The concepts are developed for easy communication within the field. They are more specific and well understood by the professional (America Psychology Association 2011, p. 1). The psychologist use s the language of the patient to communicate. The language in most cases should be simple. The psychologist explains meaning of complex words to patients when they request for explanation. While communicating, the psychologist is sensitive to different communities and diversity in the use of language. They pay attention not to use words that may be offensive in a community. Moreover they pay attention to the age and of the patient while making a conversation. For instance children require a polite conversation. Conclusion Psychology is a field whose objective is to assist individuals overcome emotional and mental problems. The professional language and culture are learnt throughout ones professional life. Research is very important and increases the knowledge and helps solve problems. It generates concepts used in the field and influences policy. The students specialize in different areas after training. Working as a psychology requires one to be good in communication teamwork and o bserve the ethics of the profession. Moreover one has to learn to work in an environment with diverse people. Reference List America Psychology Association. (2011). Career in Psychology. Web. Flinders.edu. (2010). The Psychology Profession. Web. Lannon, J. M. (2010). Technical communication 11th edition. Web. Occupational outlook handbook. (2011). Psychologist. Web. This report on Profession and Cultural Language was written and submitted by user Barracuda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Start up business in Saudi Arabia challenges of finding finance

Start up business in Saudi Arabia challenges of finding finance Background overview Entrepreneurs share similar problems in terms of access to sufficient capital to start their business, ability to attract customers, developing a sufficient cash flow to sustain their venture and a variety of other issues that are involved in the process of developing a business (Zahra Wright 2011, pp. 67-83).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Start up business in Saudi Arabia: challenges of finding finance. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this section the various methods of capital access available to entrepreneurs within Saudi Arabia, and the difficulties that are associated with the process of obtaining sufficient funds to start a profitable business venture will be analyzed. Considering the fact that it is one of the wealthiest nations in the world, and part of the G20 group of states, the low rate of growth for its entrepreneurial sector engenders a number of questions that necessit ates further research and analysis. It is expected that this section will act as the basis behind an assessment that would create effective suggestions as to how entrepreneurs within the country can best respond to various financial opportunities and challenges. Saudi Arabian Economy and SME SMEs in Saudi Arabia A majority of the start up businesses in Saudi Arabia are in form of SMEs. Within the study Leading the way (2005, pp. 78-79), it was explained that in most market economies, small to medium scale enterprises (SMEs) make up the bulk of a countrys enterprises. This constitutes 80 to 90 percent of local businesses (Leading the way 2005, pp. 78-79). Such an orientation can also be seen in the case of Saudi Arabia, wherein SMEs make up 92 percent of local businesses within the country, and employ up to 80 percent of the workforce (Leading the way 2005, pp. 78-79). H.M. King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud himself has been quoted as stating that entrepreneurs are the backbone of the Saudi Arabian economy and are instrumental towards its continued growth and prosperity (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413). (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413)Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must be noted that despite the fact that SMEs constitute 92 percent of local businesses, they are still overshadowed by the countrys oil and natural gas industry which accounts for 90 percent of export earnings, 45 percent of the GDP and 80 percent of the governments budget revenues (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413). This is in sharp contrast to the situation found in countries such as the U.S., U.K., China and other industrialized countries where local SMEs makeup more than 70 percent of GDP, 60 to 70 percent of local government revenue and 75 percent of export earnings (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413). While Saudi Arabias status as an oil exporter does entail a d ecidedly different economic structure, it must be noted that given the non-renewable state of its oil reserves, it is absolutely necessary to implement some measure of encouraging the development of start up businesses in order to have a strong local economy in place that is not dependent on resource that will inevitably dry up (Lindsey 2011, pp. 1). Entrepreneurial Growth Rate (Saudi Arabia 2012, pp. 1-18) (Outlook for 2011-15: Economic policy outlook 2010, pp. 7-9) Unfortunately, an examination of the development of local industries within the country reveals that entrepreneurial growth has remained low at 3.3 to 3.5 percent annually, with the much lauded Saudi Fast Growth 100 group (a listing of the top 100 locally owned corporations that were started by entrepreneurs) gaining a combined annual revenue of $2.4 billion equivalent to $9 billion Saudi Riyals) with 90 percent of their revenue originating from within Saudi Arabia itself (Outlook for 2011-15: Economic policy outlook 2 010, pp. 7-9). While $2.4 billion may seem like a significant sum for the accumulated revenue of the top 100 companies within Saudi Arabia, this pales in comparison to the hundreds of billions accumulated by the top 100 companies started by entrepreneurs in countries such as the U.S., U.K, and China. Even a developing country such as the Philippines has a local SME industry where the top 100 companies started by entrepreneurs reach revenues of $10 billion or more.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Start up business in Saudi Arabia: challenges of finding finance. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that the revenue of these companies mostly originate from within the Saudi Arabian economy itself rather than through international exports shows how relatively young the companies started by local entrepreneurs are within country considering the fact that focusing on local instead of external markets is one of the first stages of entrepreneurial activity. Such factors can be considered indicative of a major problem existing within the Saudi Arabian entrepreneurial landscape which can be connected to the lack of sufficient access to funding for local entrepreneurs in order to sufficiently grow their businesses to a level that can be considered internationally competitive. Saudi Arabia’s economy According to Economic Structure and Context (2012, pp. 16-17), Saudi Arabia’s economy is heavily dependent on its oil reserves. This is because oil is the major export commodity in this economy. Additionally, the oil industry provides employment to a majority of the citizens. This implies that this economy is susceptible to the volatile oil prices in the world market, and any changes in the production of oil by the oil industry. To address this vulnerability, the government has acquired a number of foreign assets which help in cushioning the economy against changes in the oil prices, w hich affect the economy adversely. For this reason, the economy is able to withstand shocks in the oil world market provided that it is not for an extended period (Chapter 2: Economic Outlook 2011, pp. 15-23). It must be pointed that the government continues to be the major player in the economy. This implies that the economy is not fully liberalised. However, the government is at the forefront in encouraging entrepreneurship with a view to increasing employment opportunities for the youth, who form the bulk of the kingdom’s population. This increased employment level, as a result of increase in private investment, will have the effect of enhancing the standard of living in the kingdom (Economic Structure and Context 2012, pp. 16-17). Government’s involvement in the economy has helped in improving the standards of living for the Saudi nationals (Jacknis 2011, pp. 107-116). However, this involvement has repercussions that include: distortion of the market, subdued produ ctivity, and discourage competition.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be said that the government’s dominance in the economy has lowered the efficiency of the economy. Nonetheless, the government has been working towards liberalization of the economy and complying with international treaties, with a view to improving the economy. The Saudi government has also embarked on the privatisation of the some sectors of the economy including: telecommunication, water and aviation. The major objective of this privatization has been to attract foreign investment in the economy. This will serve as the much needed boost to propel the economy to a higher growth trajectory. Moreover, the government has also increased public expenditure as a stimulus for economic growth. This increased public expenditure has been instrumental in facilitating the growth of Saudi economic cities that has acted as an incentive for the entrepreneurs (Economic Structure and Context 2012, pp. 16-17). Literature Review This section explores various aspects related to the finan cing of entrepreneurial ventures within Saudi Arabia, the way in which financial institutions and loan processes operate, as well as the current state of key funding sources in relation to their counterparts in other countries. It is expected that through an examination of such aspects of the Saudi Arabian entrepreneurial and financing sectors of the economy, a greater degree of understanding regarding the current state of venture financing and the processes involved in it will be developed. The Financing of Business Ventures within Saudi Arabia One of the oddest discrepancies that has come up during the research process is that despite the fact that Saudi Arabia is widely recognized as a leader in promoting and supporting entrepreneurial activities, it actually has a financial sector that is not as conducive towards small to medium business loans as one might expect (Ahmad 2011, pp. 610-614). It is usually the case that if a country is known for supporting entrepreneurial activity, this would in turn result in a commensurate effect on its local banking sector wherein loans for small to medium scale enterprises and ventures would be more readily given. However, this is not the case and in fact it is actually more difficult to obtain these types of loans within Saudi Arabia as compared to other countries within the same region (i.e. the U.A.E, Egypt, Jordan, Israel etc.) as well as in countries such as China, the U.K. and the U.S (Ahmad 2011, pp. 610-614). In order to address this rather odd disparity, an examination was conducted as to how small and medium scale enterprises were normally funded and how did this type of funding differ from what can be seen in other countries. It was seen that in the case of Saudi Arabia, the family played a crucial role in the funding and development of start up business ventures wherein more than 75% of local businesses started by entrepreneurs were a result of family members contributing towards the initial starting capital o f the entrepreneur and actively gave advice regarding the proper management of the business (Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, pp. 333-351). In fact, it was noted by researchers in the report Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia (1992, pp. 333-341) that it is the strong interfamily ties within the countrys culture that limits the export market of Saudi Arabia due to the development of a business culture, wherein it has become preferable to deal with family members or friends of the family when it comes to joint business ventures and business opportunities, which in effect severely curtails the ability of a business to expand beyond its current market due to the inherent hesitance in dealing with the unfamiliar (Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, pp. 333-351). Going back to the issue of family and its connection to the financing of small to medium scale enterprises, what must be understood is tha t the proliferation of family as one of the primary methods of financing entrepreneurial business ventures has actually resulted in the local banking sector developing in such a way that they cater more towards large scale enterprises or higher tier medium scale businesses as compared to small or lower tier medium scale companies (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). The problem with this is that this in effect isolates a large percentage of the local population who do not have access to considerable family funds to start their business. Such a situation is in stark contrast to the way in which the banking sector in other countries such as China, the U.S., the U.K. and even in certain sectors in the Middle East work, since it is often seen that investing in entrepreneurs creates numerous beneficial actions (i.e. better local economy, greater amount of deposits, helping out what could potentially develop into a larger enterprise etc.) which banks generally think of as sa fe bets when it comes to loans, especially when it comes to the attitude of entrepreneurs to pay back what they owe on even if a particular business did not turn out as successful as expected (S.T. 2000, pp. 42) (Mahdi1998, pp. 1970-1971). It is often the case that such individuals within Saudi Arabia have to rely on their own personal savings as their primary method of creating start-up capital, which is an incredibly laborious and time consuming process, which would of course slow down the process of entrepreneurial activity within any country that utilizes such a system (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). Evidence of this can be seen in Saudi Arabias 3.3 to 3.5 percent annual entrepreneurial growths, which shows the negative impact that the current loan system has on creating better entrepreneurial activities within the country (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). The inherent weakness of the family fund system currently utilized by a vast majority of entrepreneurs is that when it comes to expanding the business beyond its current form and structure, this is when family members at times balk and refuse to or are unable to provide the necessary funds for the development of the business beyond its current form (Siddiqi 2008, pp. 44). The reason behind this is a plethora of issues ranging from the belief that after a business has been established, an individual should be responsible for its own expansion or that expansion itself is potentially risky without sufficient added benefits (Siddiqi 2008, pp. 44). As a result, this curtails the potential for various entrepreneurial ventures to expand to foreign locations and this is evidenced by the fact that nearly 90% of all local entrepreneurial revenue is derived from within the Saudi economy alone instead of through outside ventures (Siddiqi 2008, pp. 44). It must also be noted that another problem with the family based method of funding is that it actively promotes insufficient marke t examinations and a more lax behaviour when it comes to developing processes that are more efficient and less costly (Robson, 2005pp. 40-42). Based on the study by Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia (1992, pp. 340), it was noted that family based methods of funding were considered a relatively safe and easy method of funding for a business, which did not have the same stringent procedures and viability checks that are necessary when it comes to a bank loan (Footwear Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, pp. 1-29). As such, entrepreneurs under this particular system are less likely to favor processes that maximized the usage of capital and utilized more efficient methods of operations due to the rather easy way in which funds could be obtained to run a business (Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, pp. 333-351). This, Baqadir, Patrick, Burns (2011, pp. 551-559) remark, is one of the main reasons why plenty of businesses fail wi thin the first year of operation in Saudi Arabia, since it is usually the stringent process of loan evaluation seen in most banks that encourages entrepreneurs to think ‘outside the box’, resulting in financial success and ingenuity (Baqadir, Patrick, Burns 2011, pp. 551-561). Though not particularly as relevant, it must be noted that there is also another socially based reason as to why certain entrepreneurs are experiencing a higher degree of difficulty when it comes to finding sufficient capital: declining rates of marriage (Pope 2002, pp. 2). With the development of new internal policies within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia comes an era where women have started to become more empowered. This is evidenced by the fact that nearly 54% of all university graduates within Saudi Arabia are women and that a growing percentage of them have started to focus on their own careers and the development of the family business rather than enter into a prospective marriage (Pope 2002, pp. 2). As a result, with declining marriage rates comes a distinct decline in access to sufficient capital by bachelors since it is the intermarriage between families that often times enhances the ability of an entrepreneur to access sufficient capital to establish his own business. Public Aid Programs Aside from the aforementioned traditional methods of funding that exist within the context of the Saudi Arabian culture, there also exist other methods of funding that are more in line with what is normally seen in other countries. The first of these methods of funding is the KAFALAH fund which is a $200 million fund that acts as a protection net against loan defaults meant to encourage local banks to lend to entrepreneurs (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). The reason why KAFALA fund was created in the first place was due to the fact that between 2001 to 2009 local banks experienced increasing levels of loan defaulters (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011 , pp. 1-68). One of the main reasons behind this was simply the fact that entrepreneurs at the time lacked the necessary skills and capabilities to properly market their products, develop their businesses and enhance operations which inevitably resulted in the collapse of their ventures (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). This was an endemic problem during that time until it was addressed by H.M. King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud in the form of the king Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), the King Saud University (KSU) and various other educational institutions that focused on the creation, support and development of entrepreneurs within Saudi Arabia. It was through such programs that, in the words of H.M. King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, a new type of entrepreneur entered into the Saudi Arabian market economy Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). Such individuals were better informed, better prepared and more likely to create fewer mistakes as compared to their predecessors. Unfortunately, various Islamic banks were still reeling from the amount of loan defaults hence the necessity of creating stimulus funds in order to encourage lending (Apparel Retail Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, pp.1-25). Despite this, it was noted by various Saudi entrepreneurs that such activities were still insufficient, many of whom were of the opinion that it should be the government itself that should facilitate access to funds for entrepreneurs rather than having to go through the laborious and often times unfruitful process of filing for a bank loan (Dairy Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, pp. 1-32). One manifestation of such a necessity came in the form of the government sponsored AlAhli Small Business Program which is a type of loan/training program enabling entrepreneurs to gain access to a variety of funding sources that are in cooperation with the National Commercial Bank while at the same time provides training courses and various types of support systems so as to enable these potential entrepreneurs to develop the necessary skills, mindsets and abilities to effectively run their fledgling businesses (Country Update 2012, pp. 1-5). Other sources of funds also exist, which are there to address the problem of developing a funding program for young Saudi men and women that are underprivileged yet still would like to be entrepreneurs. For this particular scenario, the centennial fund exists which provides 50,000 200,000 SAR in funds for particular business ventures which is payable within 5 years. Similar to the AlAhli Small Business Program, the Centennial fund also provides training and development services but it also provides a mentoring program wherein experienced entrepreneurs help in guiding people who make use of the fund, through a 3 year mentoring program designed to increase the success of their business. Other more gender specific funds come in the form of the Prince Sul tan bin Abdulaziz fund for nurturing women entrepreneurs (Country Update 2012, pp. 1-5). As its name implies, this fund focuses specifically on providing women entrepreneurs with the necessary funds and training to undertake a variety of entrepreneurial ventures. Banking There are several banking institutions within Saudi Arabia that do in fact provide small business loans to start up business such as Al Rajhi Banking Investment Corp., the Riyadh Bank, the National Commercial Bank etc (Economic Growth: Outlook 2012, pp. 4-6). It must be noted though that due to the high degree of loan default experienced by these banks from 2001 to 2009 the loan process often involves considerable amounts of paperwork and at times recommendations from well established businessmen in order to gain approval for particular loans (Economic Growth: Outlook 2012, pp. 4-6). This in effect shuts out various entrepreneurs who do not have the same amount of clout or the connections necessary to show that the y can be trusted to pay back the loan. Additionally, the entrepreneurs have to go through other hurdles in form of government sponsored programs, which act as intermediaries between the bank and the entrepreneur and acts as a safety net in case of loan default. While this section has shown that there exists, quite literally, a plethora of funding and training opportunities for local entrepreneurs to start their own business ventures, what it does not show is that most of the funding and training opportunities are oriented towards the development of localized business opportunities and neglect to encompass a wider range of potential ventures through international markets. The study of Mortland (2009, p 19) which examined the funding and training opportunities that are currently in place within Saudi Arabia reveals that most of the revenue derived from entrepreneurial activity within the country is primarily as a result of derived income from local markets (Mortland 2009, p. 19). Ther e are relatively few cases of entrepreneurs which focus on international trade with one of the reasons being that despite the presence of funding programs with associated training schemes, these programs actually encourage and focus on developing entrepreneurs to focus on developing local market (Mortland 2009, p. 19). They propagate the notion that international business ventures are somewhat risky. This engenders a business culture that is more internally focused rather than externally adaptive. In cases where an entrepreneur is actively seeking funds to expand their business venture with a view to engaging in international trade, their loan requests are often turned down. Banks tend to agree to loans of this nature when requested by large firms or conglomerations. This in effect shuts out small entrepreneurs from international trade which is an important aspect of developing a local business. Venture Capitalists within Saudi Arabia Another of the problems faced by entrepreneurs w ithin Saudi Arabia is the distinct lack of venture capitalists within the country. An examination of data obtained from 2010 reveals that Saudi Arabia has the lowest ranking of any G20 country in terms of venture capital funding with only $5 million being invested by venture capitalists in local businesses at the time. Studies such as those in the Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia (2011, pp. 1 68 ) reveal that venture capital funding is an important facilitator of entrepreneurial activity since it acts as a method of funding outside of the regular methods facilitated through bank loans (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). With entrepreneurs and the venture capitalists sharing the risks that come with developing a particular business venture this actually results in the sharing of ideas, better internal management of operations and funds and the creation of new lines of business which helps to considerably expand the venture beyond what the entrepreneur would have been capable of doing alone. As seen in the case of the U.S. and U.K., venture capital investments have helped to create a solid foundation for the development of numerous businesses which has actually encouraged entrepreneurial activity due to the potential that venture capitalists may choose to invest with a particular venture thus enabling it to expand based on the plans of the entrepreneur. The lack of venture capital funding in the case of Saudi Arabia helps to explain the relatively low growth seen in the development of new entrepreneurial ventures; since an external source of capital without the accompanying financial indebtedness associated with a bank loans would have definitely encouraged the development of a sufficiently strong entrepreneurial sector within the country (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). One way of explaining the lack of venture capital funding can be seen in Chapter 4: Business Environment (2012, pp. 27-33) of Saudi Arabiaâ€℠¢s business forecast report which explored various aspects of financing within Saudi Arabia. Chapter 4: Business Environment (2012, pp. 27-33) shows that the concept of venture capital funding is relatively new within Saudi Arabia since it is a development that has only occurred within the past few decades within various other countries (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). Since Saudi Arabia has developed in an entirely different way as compared to other countries such as the U.S. due its emphasis on Shariah law in its banking and finance sector this would of course result in the creation of distinctly different financial instruments for funding business ventures within the country (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). This is especially true when taking into consideration the fact that â€Å"family funds† are still one of the primary methods of funding a business within the country and external methods of funding not associated with either the stat e or a bank are still viewed with a certain degree of distrust by the local business culture. Aside from that, most entrepreneurs within Saudi Arabia have no idea what a venture capital fund is or how it even operates, thus its level of acceptability and implementation within the context of the local economy is also rather low (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). Furthermore, since the venture capital sector of the Saudi Arabian economy is still within its relative infancy this means that the road shows, presentations, exhibits and forums normally associated with venture capital firms as seen in the context of the U.S. and the U.K. are relatively absent (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). This means that venture capitalists can neither show what methods of financing they can offer to entrepreneurs and neither can prospective entrepreneurs show their business ventures to venture capitalists (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). In the end, th is creates a situation that is not at all conducive towards the development of any form of venture capital financing operation within the Saudi Arabia and explains why the amount of venture capital funding is so low within the country despite the size of its economy. Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia and the local Stock Market Aside from venture capital investments, another alternative to financing the expansion of a business venture has been through the use of the stock market. In regions such as the U.S., U.K., and several parts of Asia, posting their company on the local stock market has been an effective method by which entrepreneurs of mid-sized corporations have been able to garner sufficient funds in a rather efficient manner. Unfortunately, in the case of Saudi Arabia, it has been noted that despite the fact that the local stock market has actually improved by 50% as a source of funding for businesses, most of this has been primarily isolated to large scale enterprises and has b arely been used to finance start up businesses (Bradley 2005, pp. 1- 22). One of the reasons behind this is the apparent lack of a specific market that can cater for the needs of the start up businesses. Consequently, this prevents various Saudi entrepreneurs from accessing needed funds for expansion as compared to their counterparts within the G20 countries. From a certain perspective, it can be assumed that due to the current predilection of Saudi entrepreneurs to view the stock market as a novelty exclusively for the rich rather than alternative method of funding, resulting to a situation in which the ability of the stock market to raise capital for the entrepreneurs is greatly hampered. Studies such as those seen in the report â€Å"Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012† (2012, pp. 1-51) have indicated that despite the 90% rise in the usage of Saudi Arabian stock market, start up businesses continue to have a relatively low profile in it due to an insufficient amo unt of information regarding the process of registration, compliance and how the stock market works in general (Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012 2012, pp. 1-51) It is based on this that the report recommends a greater degree of government assistance in the form of information campaigns so as to educate local entrepreneurs regarding the various advantages of posting their company on the stock market (Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012 2012, pp. 1-51). Common problems that prevent Saudi entrepreneurs from obtaining finance. Hussain and Yaqub (2010, pp. 22-28) note that as it is common when an entrepreneur wants to access loan from a financial institutions, the financial institutions subject the entrepreneur through a series of checks. This entails giving a business plan that shows the ability of the business to repay loans. In situations in which the business plan does not depict the ability of the business to generate the revenue that can support the repayment of the loan, the request is turned down. The challenge sometimes is not in developing business plan, but rather the ability to write a good business plan that highlights the major strengths of the business. From this section it can be seen that entrepreneurs have limited sources of capital (Hussain and Yaqub 2010, pp. 22-28). The few sources of capital that exists are meant for large-scale businesses, and not necessarily for the upcoming entrepreneurs. As it has been highlighted, most entrepreneurs obtain the much needed capital from their ‘families’. This implies that those entrepreneurs who come from families that are not well-off find it more difficult to procure the much needed capital. Additionally, it can be inferred that the financial institutions are not very friendly to the upcoming entrepreneurs and, unless the government institutes measures to facilitate easier access to loan for the entrepreneurs, the level of growth of the private investments will continue to be low. SOURCES OF FINANCE CHALLENGES Families Most ladies are getting educated and becoming very independent and they don’t want to get married. Some families are not very well-off such that they can facilitate financing for the entrepreneurs. Banks They prefer dealing with large scale businesses as opposed to financing small scale businesses. The banks ask for a lot of requirement from the entrepreneurs seeking loans for capital. Public Aid Programs Apparently the fund does not provide enough resources that can provide the much needed capital to the entrepreneurs. Venture capitalist Lack of venture capitalists in Saudi Arabia that can provide the much needed capital to the entrepreneurs Local stock market It is biased in favour of large scale enterprises as opposed to the upcoming business ventures Methodology Aims Wahyuni (2012, pp. 69-80) contends that a research should have objectives. In this regard this research is supposed to consider the f ollowing objectives. Firstly, the research is supposed to investigate the sources of finance for start-up businesses in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the research will also look into the bottlenecks that the entrepreneurs face when it comes to accessing sources of finance. The other objective will be to explore the various opportunities and challenges, which the entrepreneurs have to face when it comes to accessing finance from the financial institutions. In order to achieve those objectives the research will seek to address the following questions: Where do the successful business starters in Saudi Arabia get their capital from? What challenges do business start-ups encounter when financing their ventures? What can business start-ups do to avoid failure when sourcing out capital for their ventures? Study Design Given the nature of this research, the most appropriate research design that will be adopted for this paper is the qualitative research (Bansal Corley 2012, pp. 509-513). Th is will enable the researcher to have open ended questions that will help in generating of information regarding the challenges which the entrepreneurs face in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the use of qualitative research method enables the researcher to have fewer participants which enable a more thorough approach to be adopted. Additionally, the information will be derived from both the primary and secondary sources. The sample participants for this study will be drawn from those individuals who have been involve in business venture in Saudi Arabia, and those who have been involved in the bank’s lending system. This will aid in getting the necessary information regarding the challenges that Saudi entrepreneurs face in an attempt to obtain finance for their fledgling businesses. The number of participants will be limited to thirty individuals from the cities of Jeddah and Mecca. This is because qualitative research uses a limited number of participants (Bansal Corley 2012, pp. 50 9-513). Furthermore, the participants must have attempted to get financing from the financial institutions and failed. The participant must exclusively own or owned a business venture. Another condition for the participant is that they must have complied with the regulations regarding application for financing, including submitting a business plan. It must also be acknowledged that if any information leaks to the financial institutions it might result to victimization of those participants. For this reason, the information should be kept securely so that it cannot be accessed by people who might victimize the participants. Data Collection Process As indicated earlier, the participants for this study will be drawn from both the entrepreneurial side and the banks’ lending system. Some of the questions which could be posed to the individuals in the banking sector will be on the number of loan requests by the entrepreneurs that were rejected and those that were accepted. The rese archer will also probe those participants so that he can have a glimpse at the reasons that led to either the cancellation or the acceptance of those loan requests. It must also be noted that the participants will be interviewed individually to enhance the confidentiality of the research. The participants will be instrumental in helping to unravel the challenges that the entrepreneurs face when it comes to accessing finance. Additionally, the questions that will be presented to the participants will be open-ended to enhance the ability of the research to generate a lot of information. Reliability of the interview data will be tested by comparing the variables under study with similar variables from previous studies while the validity will be tested by determining the extent to which the information concurs with global financing approaches. The interviews will be conducted on weekends to ensure that most of the participants will not be held up in their jobs, which could preclude them from attending the sessions. Another important thing which will be highlighted to the participants pertains to the confidentiality of their responses. This will encourage the participants to be more genuine with their responses. The preferred study technique for this research will be cross-sectional. This will be informed by the fact that this study is meant to unravel information which can be used in future when carrying out research on the same issue (Wahyuni 2012, pp. 69-80). Additionally, the time as well as the resources allocated for this research are vey limited and does not allow for the use of longitudinal technique. The data collected from this research will be analysed using data reduction techniques. This entails sifting through the data to determine those that are relevant to the issue being considered. Reference List Ahmad, S 2011, Businesswomen in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Characteristic, growth patterns and progression in a regional context, Equality, Diversity Inclusion, 30, 7, pp. 610-614, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Apparel Retail Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, Apparel Retail Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-25, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Bansal, P, Corley, K 2012, Publishing in AMJ -Part 7: Whats Different about Qualitative Research?, Academy of Management Journal, pp. 509-513, June, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost. Baqadir, A, Patrick, F, Burns, G 2011, Addressing the skills gap in Saudi Arabia: Does vocational education address the needs of private sector employers?, Journal Of Vocational Education Training, 63, 4, pp. 551-561, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost. Bradley, J R 2005, Saudi Arabia Exposed: Inside A Kingdom In Crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost. Chapter 2: Economic Outlook 2011, Saudi Arabia Business Forecast Report, 3, pp. 15-23, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost. Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, Saudi Arabia Business Forecast Report, 2, pp. 27-3 3, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, Middle Eastern Studies, 28, 2, pp. 333-351, International Security Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia, 2011, Saudi Arabia Country Profile, pp. 1-68, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Country Update 2012, Political Risk Yearbook: Saudi Arabia Country Report, pp. U-1-U-5, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Dairy Industry Profile:. Saudi Arabia 2012, Dairy Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-32, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Economic Growth: Outlook 2012, Saudi Arabia Country Monitor, pp. 4-6, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Economic Structure and Context: Development and Strategy 2012, Saudi Arabia Country Monitor, pp. 16-17, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost. Footwear Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, Footwear Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-29, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Hussain, D, Yaqub, M 2 010, Micro-entrepreneurs: Motivations Challenges and Success Factors, 56, pp. 22-28, EconLit with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Jacknis, N 2011, Governments Role In Facilitating An Innovative Economy, International Journal Of Innovation Science, 3, 3, pp. 107-116, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Kayed, R, Hassan, M 2010, Islamic entrepreneurship: A case study of Saudi Arabia, Journal Of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 15, 4, pp. 379-413, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Leading the way 2005, Banker, 155, 957, pp. 78-79, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Lindsey, U 2011, Saudi Arabias $10-Billion Experiment Is Ready for Results. (cover story), Chronicle Of Higher Education, 57, 40, p. A1, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost. Mahdi, K 1998, Economic development, Economic Journal, 108, 451, pp. 1970-1971, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Mortland, S 2009, A partnership fit for a King, Crains Cleveland Business, 30, 5, p. 19, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost. Outlook for 2011-15pp. Economi c policy outlook 2010, Country Report. Saudi Arabia, pp. 7-9, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Pope, H 2002, For Saudi Women, Running a Business Is a Veiled Initiative. (cover story), Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition, 2 January, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost. Robson, V 2005, Business behind the veil, MEED: Middle East Economic Digest, 49, 25, pp. 40-42, International Security Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Saudi Arabia 2012, Political Risk Yearbook: Saudi Arabia Country Report, pp. 1-18, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012 2012, Saudi Arabia Business Forecast Report, 3, pp. 1-51, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Siddiqi, M 2008, Saudi Arabia: Bucking the global trend?, Middle East, 392, p. 44, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost. S.T. 2000, Striking out on their own, MEED: Middle East Economic Digest, 44, 37, p. 42, International Security Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Wahyuni, D 2012, The Research D esign Maze: Understanding Paradigms, Cases, Methods and Methodologies, Journal Of Applied Management Accounting Research, 10, 1, pp. 69-80, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost. Zahra, S, Wright, M 2011, Entrepreneurships Next Act, Academy Of Management Perspectives, 25, 4, pp. 67-83, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost.

Definition of a Boson Particle

Definition of a Boson Particle In particle physics, a boson is a type of particle that obeys the rules of Bose-Einstein statistics. These bosons also have a quantum spin with contains an integer value, such as 0, 1, -1, -2, 2, etc. (By comparison, there are other types of particles, called fermions, that have a half-integer spin, such as 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, and so on.) Whats So Special About a Boson? Bosons are sometimes called force particles, because it is the bosons that control the interaction of physical forces, such as electromagnetism and possibly even gravity itself. The name boson comes from the surname of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, a brilliant physicist from the early twentieth century who worked with Albert Einstein to develop a method of analysis called Bose-Einstein statistics. In an effort to fully understand Plancks law (the thermodynamics equilibrium equation that came out of Max Plancks work on the blackbody radiation problem), Bose first proposed the method in a 1924 paper trying to analyze the behavior of photons. He sent the paper to Einstein, who was able to get it published ... and then went on to extend Boses reasoning beyond mere photons, but also to apply to matter particles. One of the most dramatic effects of Bose-Einstein statistics is the prediction that bosons can overlap and coexist with other bosons. Fermions, on the other hand, cannot do this, because they follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle  (chemists focus primarily on the way the Pauli Exclusion Principle impacts the behavior of electrons in orbit around an atomic nucleus.) Because of this, it is possible for photons to become a laser and some matter is able to form the exotic state of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Fundamental Bosons According to the Standard Model of quantum physics, there are a number of fundamental bosons, which are not made up of smaller particles. This includes the basic gauge bosons, the particles that mediate the fundamental forces of physics (except for gravity, which well get to in a moment). These four gauge bosons have spin 1 and have all been experimentally observed: Photon - Known as the particle of light, photons carry all electromagnetic energy and act as the gauge boson that mediates the force of electromagnetic interactions.Gluon - Gluons mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, which binds together quarks to form protons and neutrons and also holds the protons and neutrons together within an atoms nucleus.W Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force.Z Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force. In addition to the above, there are other fundamental bosons predicted, but without clear experimental confirmation (yet): Higgs Boson - According to the Standard Model, the Higgs Boson is the particle that gives rise to all mass. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider announced that they had good reason to believe theyd found evidence of the Higgs Boson. Further research is ongoing in an attempt to get better information about the particles exact properties. The particle is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 0, which is why it is classified as a boson.Graviton - The graviton is a theoretical particle which has not yet been experimentally detected. Since the other fundamental forces - electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force - are all explained in terms of a gauge boson that mediates the force, it was only natural to attempt to use the same mechanism to explain gravity. The resulting theoretical particle is the graviton, which is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 2.Bosonic Superpartners - Under the theory of supersymmetry, every fermion would have a so-far-undetected bosonic counterpart. Since there are 12 fundamental fermions, this would suggest that - if supersymmetry is true - there are another 12 fundamental bosons that have not yet been detected, presumably because they are highly unstable and have decayed into other forms. Composite Bosons Some bosons are formed when two or more particles join together to create an integer-spin particle, such as: Mesons - Mesons are formed when two quarks bond together. Since quarks are fermions and have half-integer spins, if two of them are bonded together, then the spin of the resulting particle (which is the sum of the individual spins) would be an integer, making it a boson.Helium-4 atom - A helium-4 atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons ... and if you add up all of those spins, youll end up with an integer every time. Helium-4 is particularly noteworthy because it becomes a superfluid when cooled to ultra-low temperatures, making it a brilliant example of Bose-Einstein statistics in action. If youre following the math, any composite particle that contains an even number of fermions is going to be a boson, because an even number of half-integers is always going to add up to an integer.

Definition of a Boson Particle

Definition of a Boson Particle In particle physics, a boson is a type of particle that obeys the rules of Bose-Einstein statistics. These bosons also have a quantum spin with contains an integer value, such as 0, 1, -1, -2, 2, etc. (By comparison, there are other types of particles, called fermions, that have a half-integer spin, such as 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, and so on.) Whats So Special About a Boson? Bosons are sometimes called force particles, because it is the bosons that control the interaction of physical forces, such as electromagnetism and possibly even gravity itself. The name boson comes from the surname of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, a brilliant physicist from the early twentieth century who worked with Albert Einstein to develop a method of analysis called Bose-Einstein statistics. In an effort to fully understand Plancks law (the thermodynamics equilibrium equation that came out of Max Plancks work on the blackbody radiation problem), Bose first proposed the method in a 1924 paper trying to analyze the behavior of photons. He sent the paper to Einstein, who was able to get it published ... and then went on to extend Boses reasoning beyond mere photons, but also to apply to matter particles. One of the most dramatic effects of Bose-Einstein statistics is the prediction that bosons can overlap and coexist with other bosons. Fermions, on the other hand, cannot do this, because they follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle  (chemists focus primarily on the way the Pauli Exclusion Principle impacts the behavior of electrons in orbit around an atomic nucleus.) Because of this, it is possible for photons to become a laser and some matter is able to form the exotic state of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Fundamental Bosons According to the Standard Model of quantum physics, there are a number of fundamental bosons, which are not made up of smaller particles. This includes the basic gauge bosons, the particles that mediate the fundamental forces of physics (except for gravity, which well get to in a moment). These four gauge bosons have spin 1 and have all been experimentally observed: Photon - Known as the particle of light, photons carry all electromagnetic energy and act as the gauge boson that mediates the force of electromagnetic interactions.Gluon - Gluons mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, which binds together quarks to form protons and neutrons and also holds the protons and neutrons together within an atoms nucleus.W Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force.Z Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force. In addition to the above, there are other fundamental bosons predicted, but without clear experimental confirmation (yet): Higgs Boson - According to the Standard Model, the Higgs Boson is the particle that gives rise to all mass. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider announced that they had good reason to believe theyd found evidence of the Higgs Boson. Further research is ongoing in an attempt to get better information about the particles exact properties. The particle is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 0, which is why it is classified as a boson.Graviton - The graviton is a theoretical particle which has not yet been experimentally detected. Since the other fundamental forces - electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force - are all explained in terms of a gauge boson that mediates the force, it was only natural to attempt to use the same mechanism to explain gravity. The resulting theoretical particle is the graviton, which is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 2.Bosonic Superpartners - Under the theory of supersymmetry, every fermion would have a so-far-undetected bosonic counterpart. Since there are 12 fundamental fermions, this would suggest that - if supersymmetry is true - there are another 12 fundamental bosons that have not yet been detected, presumably because they are highly unstable and have decayed into other forms. Composite Bosons Some bosons are formed when two or more particles join together to create an integer-spin particle, such as: Mesons - Mesons are formed when two quarks bond together. Since quarks are fermions and have half-integer spins, if two of them are bonded together, then the spin of the resulting particle (which is the sum of the individual spins) would be an integer, making it a boson.Helium-4 atom - A helium-4 atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons ... and if you add up all of those spins, youll end up with an integer every time. Helium-4 is particularly noteworthy because it becomes a superfluid when cooled to ultra-low temperatures, making it a brilliant example of Bose-Einstein statistics in action. If youre following the math, any composite particle that contains an even number of fermions is going to be a boson, because an even number of half-integers is always going to add up to an integer.

Michael Collins movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michael Collins - Movie Review Example The British government had ruled the country for over 700 years and the cruelty with which it subjected the rule in the country made them revolt into armed resistance. However, what aggravated the situation more was the killing of a group of Irish rebels who had staged a six-day siege at Dublin’s General Post Office. Among the rebels in the group, only one of them survived the attack, De Valera who was an American citizen of Irish blood. All the other rebels succumbed to shootings in the execution. When a number of De Valera’s supporters are arrested and imprisoned, one of them, Michael Collins walked out of jail with the belief that a new approach was needed to free Ireland from the British rule. He and several other volunteers organized armed resistance by using a combination of terrorists’ acts of violence and guerrilla warfare. The movie is based at the first and fourth stages of insurgency. The first stage of insurgency is characterized by initial use of ter rorism acts in fighting before their increase in numbers to get the capacity to stage a guerrilla fight. If the rebels succeed with their terrorism, they receive support from other angry men and women who form similar groups and join in the fight. The reaction of the dominant government is disruption of lives and hurting the innocent people. This stage is marked in the movie by the use of a combination of terrorism acts of violence and guerrilla war tactics. The various groups attacked the British military in the regions where it showed signs of weakness. The rebels also used informants, with Collins having a key inside informant who gave them crucial information on the plans of the British military. Despite the violent war that they faced from the British, the rebels remained focused and fought with undeterred determination to secure their freedom. Stage four of an insurgency is characterized by the departure of foreigners, while the local surrogates give-up power. The guerrilla fi ghters become superfluous while the leaders of the insurgency become leaders of the government. In the movie, this stage is demonstrated by the announcement of the British government’s willingness to negotiate with the fighters. This lead to the group led by Collins to consider negotiations and bring the war to end. When the negotiations began, radicals such as Collins loosened their view of the war and rebellion when they realized that the violence was causing numerous deaths to innocent people. Collins himself wanted negations to start while the likes of De Valera felt that negotiations were not the best way to go in the struggle to secure Ireland’s freedom. The agreement was that the final political control would be left in the arms of the British, which was an indication of a crucial journey, according to Collins, in achieving true freedom of the people. The rivalry between the two rebel leaders caused violence among the pro-and anti-treaty group factions. The movi e used a guerrilla type of insurgency, where the rebels used armed rebellion against the British authority instituted in Ireland. The rebels organized themselves into groups of volunteer guerrilla fighters, who staged armed war against the dominating British rule. They opted to attack the weakest points of the British military, thereby weakening its forces the country. With the help

Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks - Essay Example Back in the US, situations were totally different. The option to drink a cup of coffee that was prepared according to the customers’ preference was not available. The available options were fast-food restaurants or gourmet cafes which were not open in the early morning hours of the day. Schultz was influenced by these three factors; absence of coffee shops in the early morning hours or extended hours of the day, the inability of the shops to prepare coffee according to the choice of customers, and people’s interest in using cafes as places of public interaction. Thus, Schultz started his own Coffee bar that allowed customers to decide the nature of the coffee to be made. Thus, in 1986, Schultz opened his coffee bar in Seattle in the name ‘Il Giornale’ and on the first day, they served 300 customers and precisely according to his observation, most of the customers came in the morning hours. Soon, he acquired the Starbucks’ name and operation. Thus, it is evident that the success of Starbucks was largely dependent on its success in identifying the opportunity and bringing into practice what they have envisioned. 2. The five forces according to Porter’s Five-force model are: a) potential entry of new competitors, b) potential development of substitute products, c) bargaining power of suppliers, d) rivalry among competing firms, and e) bargaining power of consumers. When the first force is considered, the biggest threat comes from McDonalds’ McCafe as it is easy for McDonald to add coffee services to their existing retail services. As per reports, the income from McCafe is 15% higher than the income from a regular McDonald and presently, it is the largest in Australia and New Zealand. In addition, Starbucks has something to worry as it has not started providing canned or bottled coffee; and it is clear that one who wants to save time and money will certainly go for canned or bottled coffee instead of the Starbucks mug (Strategic Management PMS 3393). When the third point is considered, one has to accept that Starbucks is victimized to this situation very often. In 2001, Starbucks was forced to buy coffee bean at a higher price as the suppliers raised the price. However, prior agreements on price will help the company overcome this problem. In machines and technology, the company will have to go for the total ownership of supplies. However, rivalry among competing firms is the most important one. Currently, there are about 14,000 coffee outlets in the US and there are many restaurants and supermarkets where coffee is cheaper than that of Starbucks. Some other important competitors are Dunkin Donuts and Krispy Kreme followed by coffee brands like Tully’s and Pete’s Coffee. In addition, their non-coffee products are threatened by brands like Orange Julius and Jamba Juice (Starbucks: â€Å"The Non-Coffee Treat†). However, as far as Starbucks retains perfection and quality, these competitors will not raise any serious threat. The last point is the bargaining power of customers. It seems that customers bargain only when alternatives are available and hence, this will not create a threat to Starbucks. In addition, its huge popularity reduces the bargaining power of the public. In fact, the situation was totally different in the