Guide For Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic

<h1>Guide For Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic</h1><p>When composing an eighth grade contentious paper, it is essential to peruse and comprehend what understudies are inquiring. Looking into other school level paper themes can likewise assist you with choosing what direction to go. With the web, you will have the option to inquire about points and acquire important data about scholarly writing.</p><p></p><p>Ask your friends to give you how they did their expositions. This may not be a free assistance, however it will assist you with figuring out the fundamental composing abilities of your colleagues. Additionally, it might permit you to perceive the basic missteps that understudies make. It is anything but difficult to perceive these blunders once you witness it on others' papers.</p><p></p><p>To ensure you are destined for success, request that your understudies show you a portion of their methods. Perceive how th ey utilized their style, legitimate punctuation, and key focuses to introduce their contentions in a succinct way. They will be glad to impart their encounters to you.</p><p></p><p>When searching for a school level theme, you ought to have the option to see the issue that you are attempting to fathom. You can discover this data by heading off to the SAT Institute site. The SAT II site permits you to peruse through an assortment of subjects, so you can pick one that best suits your needs.</p><p></p><p>When looking for exposition points, ensure you contemplate all the data. Choose which points will offer the best test. This is the point at which you need to be responsible for your own composition. Never essentially present a paper dependent on the assignment at hand.</p><p></p><p>Each diverse school has its own necessities for entering. Some have higher SAT scores than others. Ensure that you know which ones are t he most hard to meet. It will assist you with determining which subjects you ought to compose on.</p><p></p><p>Writing an intriguing point that is anything but difficult to peruse and compose is a perfect one. Yet, ensure that you don't wind up burning through your time on papers that are exhausting. With these tips, you will have the option to compose a quality paper that will prevail upon the appointed authorities and win your school admissions.</p>

Jungle Book Essay Topics

Jungle Book Essay TopicsJungle Book essay topics will help you enhance your academic prowess. It is a good way to sharpen your academic skills by writing a unique essay. There are scores of topics to choose from. They range from the theme of The Jungle Book to how to break the vicious cycle of credit cards and debt.To start off, a child's high school essays are the best place to start. You will see that a lot of questions and issues will be discussed there. It is the best platform to master certain skills such as writing a lengthy essay with creative thinking and applying your imagination to write on it.In the early stories of the Jungle Book, it was only the children who wore human-like clothes. Therefore, it is more appropriate for your child to write a story based on animals like bear, lion, and snake. He will be able to put the human-like clothes in his own perspective.The opening chapter of The Jungle Book contains the character Merida and she will write a first draft based on h er childhood memories. You should consider getting the input of the author of the story in order to understand how you can incorporate the ideas written by the author into your own story.Once your child writes a short story based on these themes, he/she should take feedback from their peers and parents. This will help them improve on their story. Based on the feedback from the kids, they will be able to enhance their story for a later stage.The movie based on The Jungle Book was a huge hit all over the world. It was the number one movie all over the world for a long time. Therefore, it is a great opportunity for you to write an essay about this movie.The inspiration for the movie originated from Disney. Disney, like any other movie production company, would love to see the original story come to life on the screen. If you are good enough to play the role of Merida, you must have a good imagination to understand the basic themes from the movie.A story based on the jungle themes can b e explored easily if you are willing to put a little effort. You may need to experiment a little to find out what theme would suit you best.

What Are Good Persuasive Essay Topics?

What Are Good Persuasive Essay Topics?What are some good persuasive essay topics? Well, you can think of a really good persuasive topic on almost any subject and as long as it is relevant to the topic, you have just found your new introduction to your research. Just make sure you don't get bored with them, because if you do, your writing will get stale and you will end up not making any points. Keep reading for some good topics.One topic that will never fail is on direct action. The direct action you talk about should be a choice and a solution, not just an action. For example, if you want to convince someone to buy organic food, talk about the benefits of organic foods, and how you can do your part by choosing organic food.Another good persuasive essay topics is one that will promote your blog or article. It is a very good strategy to talk about how you did this or that in order to reach more people.A persuasive topic on productivity should focus on productivity tips, even if they a re tips from someone else. There are tons of ways to increase productivity, and some people know them better than you do. That is why you need to think of something to help people improve their productivity.Some other good persuasive essay topics on things like cancer and taking care of yourself is promoting good health habits, and how healthy habits have helped the cancer research world. In your conclusion, you can say that you can do your part by caring for yourself, because you can do a lot to get healthier.One of the most powerful persuasive essay topics on the topic of change in your life is about how change has helped the people around you. Change has been around for a while, and it is going to continue on through the generations. Just try to get into the mindsetof change and see how you can make it happen.Sometimes you might have to stretch your research to find good persuasive essay topics on other topics too. You can often find answers to your research questions and the lik e by reading up on them, so you need to take this into consideration. Just don't let it get boring!

Foundations for physiotherapy practice Free Essays

Introduction This essay will explore the disease COPD and explain the systemic effects that the disease has on the body as a whole. Exercise is investigated in the essay and shows how it may change the quality of life of a patient and decrease certain symptoms of COPD; it will also explain the negative effects that inactivity may cause a patient with COPD. There is varies interventions used to make living with COPD more tolerable for patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundations for physiotherapy practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now It talks about how exercise benefits the body by decreasing dyspnoea, how increasing the body’s muscle strength will relieve fatigue and decrease the respiratory demand. The affects of exercising on anxiety and depression are examined also. The physiotherapists role will be included detailing all the different techniques that they use for treatment including breathing control, airway clearance, inspiratory muscle training which helps with inspiratory endurance and strength and improving mobility. Finally the important of upper body and strength exercises will be questioned as to how it helps with improving mobility and promoting rehabilitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe somebody who suffers from both Chronic bronchitis (Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (the airways of the lungs) and emphysema (Emphysema is damage to the smaller airways and air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs). COPD is the term most preferred but you may also hear it called COLD (chronic obstructive lung disease) or COAD (chronic obstructive airway disease). Pulmonary means ‘affecting the lungs’. COPD causes a chronic (ongoing) cough with phlegm, is rare before the age of 35 and there is permanent damage to the airways. The narrowed airways are fixed, and so symptoms are chronic (persistent). Treatment to open up the airways is limited as a result. (patient.co.uk, 2010) As before COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is two disorders in one emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis affects the airways with inflammation narrowing the airway sometimes with phlegm. Chronic bron chitis is a more specific condition and it is defined by the amount of phlegm that a person has coughed up over a particular time frame. To be described as chronic bronchitis a person has to be coughing up phlegm every morning for at least 3 consecutive months within a period of at least two years. Chronic bronchitis is mostly caused by cigarette smoking it can also occur form environmental factors. Emphysema is the other disorder you must be diagnosed with to be diagnosed with COPD. Emphysema affects your alveoli which are the little sacs of air at the end of bronchiole in your lungs where gaseous exchange occurs. These are normally made from a very elastic tissue so that they can expand when air fills the lungs. In emphysema, large numbers of the alveoli have been destroyed and there is much less area where gaseous exchange can take place so although people can breathe in it cannot get into the bloodstream. (Miles and Roberts, 2005, PP.1-3) Another systemic effect of COPD is the effect on the musculoskeletal system because of the breathlessness which reduces your exercise capacity which has a knock on effect. When you don’t exercise it has adverse effects on your body muscle wastage and weakening means you may become breathless easier as you will have less muscle and/or strength to perform the same tasks and will require more effort and put more metabolic demand on your body compared to if you had stronger muscles. Muscle weakness whatever the cause has severe consequences, including exercise limitation, reduced quality of life, more of a demand for healthcare assistance and its resources and more severely reduced survival. Physical de-conditioning may lead to a marked decrease in a patient’s ability to cope with activities of daily living, finding even the simplest of tasks to be leaving them breathless, consequently leading to a decrease in quality of life and also decreased survival. It is apparent that systemic manifestations are typical in COPD. Granted, many patients demonstrate a gradual and significant weight loss that exacerbates the course and prognosis of disease. This weight loss is also accompanied by peripheral muscle dysfunction and weakness. (Decramer, M. Et al. 2005, PP. s3-s10) With COPD it is not just the physical effects that play a role in the disease there are neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety which are more common in people with COPD. Depression in people with COPD rises with an increase in hypoxemia, carbon dioxide levels or dyspnoea. Hypoxemia may be a substantial cause in the development of depression and anxiety in COPD due to brain injury; however oxygen therapy results in little or no improvement in the severity of the depression. Another cause of morbidity of depression and anxiety is negative self-perception and restrictions in behavioural functioning due to reduced physical capacity. (Armstrong 2010 PP. 132) Although the COPD patient population is proven to be more depressed than the general medical population, it is not more anxious, the levels of anxiety observed in the general medical or surgical population on the wards were very similar to those observed in the COPD population. Despite the similarities compared to the other wards the anxiety levels are still high compared to the population without any disease or disorder. (Light, R, W.et al. 1985, PP.35-38) COPD patients with psychiatric conditions spend twice as much time in hospital compared to those without depression and anxiety. It is also found that the quality of life of COPD patients can be impaired in all dimensions compared to those without depression and anxiety, high impact was seen both on walking around, mobility, sleep and rest. (MIKKELSEN, R, L. 2004, PP.65-70) Anxious patients tend to have quite significantly shorter pre-rehabilitation exercise capacity compared with non-anxious patients as do patients with increased depression compared with those who are not depressed. Patients following a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD show a statistically significant fall in both anxiety and depression as they progress in their program, with no patients showing any increases in either depression or anxiety. Patients with higher star ting anxiety level show a significantly larger increase their exercise capacity than those who start off with lower anxiety levels. Exercise rehabilitation is shown to produce clear improvements in anxiety and depression and to some extent reduces the number of patients with high anxiety and depression compared to no intervention. So exercise benefits COPD suffers with anxiety and depression at least as much as do those with lower levels. (Nicholas, Rudkin, and White, 1999, PP. 362-365) COPD has effects on the cardiovascular system by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to three-fold. Several different studies have shown that the function of endothelial in COPD is abnormal in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The means that underlie these abnormalities are also unclear. It is obvious that tobacco smoking is a shared risk factor for both COPD and cardiovascular disease. Although, it is possible that there are other factors which may quite substantially increase the cardiovascular risk of patients with COPD. With this in mind, many authors agree that the persistent, low-grade, systemic inflammation that occurs in COPD may contribute further to the pathobiology of these cardiovascular abnormalities in COPD. If true, this may have substantial therapeutic implications in the management of these patients because anti-inflammatory therapy would be beneficial not only for the chronic inflammatory process which their lungs are undergoing but also for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (Agust, 2005, 367-370.) It is shown that the leading causes of mortality in those with COPD are cardiovascular in nature. Cardiovascular causes are listed as the main cause of death in nearly 50% of the cases, Nevertheless, this data, suggest that a large proportion of patients with COPD die from cardiovascular complications. (Sin and Man, 2005, p8-11) The impact on cardiovascular function in COPD is mainly due to the increased right ventricular afterload caused by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance resulting from the structural changes that take place in the pulmonary circulation with the disease One of the most beneficial treatments for COPD and its symptoms is exercise; exercise is proven to have a beneficial effect on your body compared to not exercising. By exercising you significantly increase your muscle strength and endurance. This means muscle dystrophy and atrophy are stopped and even reversed. You see a significant increase in endurance when you walk also as a result of exercising regularly and it also promotes increased efficiency of peripheral muscle oxygen extraction after muscle training, with less contribution from anaerobic (lactic acid) metabolism during exercise. (Clark, Cochrane, and Mackay, 1996, PP. 2590-2596) Aerobic capacity (VO2max) or maximum oxygen uptake is decreased with patients presenting with COPD, due to this the body starts to utilise the anaerobic energy system, this means that for walking the same distance as a normal person you will be utilising the phosphate and the lactic acid system which use less oxygen therefore your muscles fatigue easier. Lactate or metabolic threshold (VO2u) is known as exercise intensity with a sustained increase in blood lactate that cannot be prevented. Lactate threshold may be elevated by as much as 100% of its resting value by successful aerobic training in a normal subject. A de-conditioned individual there for has the potential for a significantly greater improvement in VO2max and VO2u with exercise training. When effective, this modality of physical reconditioning leads to improved functional exercise capacity and reduced breathlessness. Early implementation is desirable to obtain more meaningful responses. (COOPER, 2001, PP. S671-s679) Upper extremity exercise is also important for people who suffer from COPD as they are restricted in the amount of upper body exertion they can achieve even as much as to elevate their arm may cause dyspnoea and increased respiratory demands. It is shown that during unsupported arm exercise the respiratory muscles of the rib cage work actively help to maintain the posture of the upper torso and extended arms; due to this they decrease their roll in respiration in COPD patients. Therefore dyspnoea is worse with arm exercise than it is with leg exercise at the same total body oxygen consumption, suggesting that the load borne by the other inspiratory muscles must increase for the same level of increasing ventilation. (Grazzini, 2005, PP. 1403-1412) The increased demands even during a simple arm elevation may play a role in the development of the patient’s dyspnoea. The limitation that occurs is a major problem that patients report when performing daily living activities involving the arms. It is important to apply an intervention of exercise training to try help. An upper extremity training regime for patients with COPD results in a reduction of ventilation requirements which will allow patients with COPD to perform sustained upper extremity activity with considerably less dyspnoea. A comprehensive pulmonary rehab programme that includes arm exercises, results in reduced metabolic and ventilator requirements for a simple arm lift. The addition of such training has been shown to improve upper extremity exercise endurances. Subjects who are in the early stages or whom are less severe may tolerate these increased loads without difficulty, whereas in severely obstructed patients with minimal reserve, increased ventilatory exertion and the associated recruitment of the diaphragm may contribute to increased dyspnoea. Although has some beneficial effects in this and most other studies to date, ventilatory capacity does not improve in terms of pulmonary function tests nor does fev or fev1. Additionally there is no cross over benefit to arm exercises or lower body exercises so it is important to incorporate both into a pulmonary rehabilitation for a patient with COPD to seek maximum benefit from the pr ogram. (Couser, Martinez and Celli, 1993, PP. 37-41) With COPD muscle wastage is quite common and 25% of all patients suffer from it. Muscle weakness and wastage also has adverse effects on fatigue. Leg fatigue for example limits patients with COPD in exercise. Normally the perception for muscle fatigue is higher in people with weak leg muscles than to those who are said to have strong legs. Patients with stronger muscles are said to have better exercise capacity this is true for people without COPD. Quadriceps strength has been found to have a significant effect on exercise capacity. So it is said that â€Å"leg fatigue is inversely proportional to leg muscle strength†. (Bourbeau, Nault, and Borycki, 2002, PP.190-191) Strength training is also appealing because it improves muscle strength and mass much better compared to aerobic training. In addition strength training causes less dyspnoea in the exercise period compared to aerobic training. Because of this it may be easier to tolerate for patients with severe cases of COPD. The re are different types of strength training can be used depending on the desired objective or the condition the patient is in. The different types are strength training where you are lifting between (90-100%) of one rep max (RM) this is using low repetitions with high weight which ameliorates strength, whereas when you use a lower weight and higher repetitions you work at a lower intensity for more reps which works on endurance. Moderate intensity work at (10-12) reps performed at 60-80% of one RM is ideal for patients with COPD as it fulfils the objective of building muscle strength and endurance while avoiding the likelihood of muscle injury which is common in high weight low repetition work. It is important to have your medication and a partner. This is important because, effectively, you may become disabled due to your breathlessness. (Bourbeau, Nault, and Borycki, 2002, PP.190-191) Physiotherapists address many of the symptoms of COPD like reducing the work of breathing, promoting clearance of the airways, improving mobility and promoting rehabilitation. Promoting successful management of these complex patients is in two parts: the accurate assessment of the patient to identify clear goals of treatment and team work, which underpins a thorough knowledge of the individual patient. (Mikelsons, 2008, PP. 2-7) There are three main techniques which may improve the efficiency of your breathing, pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing and paced breathing. These three techniques encourage complete emptying of your lungs and slower, deeper breaths, which will improve the efficiency of your breathing and encourages control of your breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing involves encouraging patients to move the abdominal wall predominantly during inspiration with reduction of rib cage movement and inhale slowly and deeply, in order to improve chest wall movement and the distribution of ventilation, decrease the work of breathing and improve exercise capacity. By utilizing the main muscle of inspiration, the diaphragm, it encourages relaxation of smaller, less efficient respiratory muscles. Using the diaphragm allows more air to move into the lungs with each breath which makes each breath more efficient. Diaphragmatic breathing also decreases the work of breathing by reducing the use smaller, less efficient muscles of the neck and shoulders. (NYU Medical Centre 1997). Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) has been claimed, but not demonstrated, to correct abnormal chest wall motion, in turn decrease the work of breathing (WOB) and dyspnoea and improve ventilation distribution. (Vitacca et al., 1998) Pursed lip breathing is commonly used in COPD patients as it is thought to alleviate dyspnoea. (Spahija, de Marchie, and Grassino, 2005, PP. 640-650) PLB is done by breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth against a resistance created by pursing the lips, this helps to prevent airway collapse. PLB helps you exhale more completely because it slows your respiratory rate and helps to keep your airways open longer. It has been shown that by performing PLB during exertion can lead to a reduction in respiratory rate and increased recovery rate compared with spontaneous breathing PLB can be used just prior to and during activities that have made you short of breath in the past.. PLB during exertion may therefore be a useful addition to the breathless patient’s regime and may be taught as a strategy to reduce respiratory rate of patients with COPD. It is good to use PLB when walking on inclines, up stairs and during any exercise or exertion. Despite the exercises being effective in reducing respiratory rate and decreasing work of breathing it is of note that it has been shown that fatigue of the diaphragm may develop earlier when using slow, deep breathing, but no differences in dyspnoea or exercise tolerance were found.12 R. Garrod, K. Dallimore and J. Cook et al., An evaluation of the acute impact of pursed lips breathing on walking distance in nonspontaneous pursed lips breathing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, Chronic Respir Dis 2 (2) (2005), pp. 67–72. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (12) Paced breathing involves coordinating your breathing pattern with the activity you are doing. For example, when walking on level surfaces breathe in for a count of 2 steps and out for a count of 4 steps. This will help regulate your breathing reducing anxiety and promote good relaxed and controlled breathing allowing you to continue with your activity. Physiotherapists prescribe Breathing exercises l ike Diaphragmatic breathing, breathing control and pursed lip breathing are to relieve breathlessness and promote relaxation. (NYU Medical Centre, 1997) Physiotherapists also teach a techniques called airway clearance techniques the most popular being called active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) which is used for acute exarberations of COPD during exercise. This technique is done by using an alternating depth of breathing to move phlegm from the small airways at the bottom of your lungs to the larger airways near the top where they can be cleared more easily with huffing/coughing in turn making it easier to breath by removing obstructions. ACBT is used by 88% of physiotherapists to treat acute exarberations of COPD. (Connolly and Yohannes 2007 pp. 110-113) Airway clearance techniques have a variety of different techniques such as the ACBT which has been explained, forced expiration technique (FET), and postural drainage (PD). PD is when the physiotherapist puts the patient in positions which make it easier to remove sputum because the cilia are damaged and cannot aid in its clearance of sputum. FET is used instead of coughing to re move sputum, it is found to be more effective than coughing. The main indicator for determining which of the techniques to use of any airway clearance technique is how much sputum they can clear while coughing independently. This will be a key indicator for a patient in the self-management of their disease and patients will be taught modifications of their airway clearance regime during an acute exacerbation by their physiotherapist. (Mikelsons, 2008 pgs 2-7) Physiotherapists may prescribe inspiratory muscle training (IMT) which has been used for co-ordination of respiratory muscles allows maximization of the use of abdominal muscles as inspiratory accessory muscles and has been proven to show benefits in exercise tolerance, Inspiratory muscle endurance and strength, breathlessness and improve quality of life. (Mikelsons, 2008 pgs 2-7) state that by including IMT in an exercise programme it has been shown to increase maximal inspiratory pressure, perception of breathlessness and health-related quality of life.50 R. Magadle, A.K. McConnell, M. Beckerman and P. Weiner, Inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary rehabilitation programme in COPD patients, Respir Med 101 (2007), pp. 1500–1505. Article | PDF (465 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (8) High-intensity IMT has also been shown to produce beneficial reductions in dyspnoea and fatigue in COPD patients. Usually a physiotherapist would prescribe training that would ta ke place over 6 to 9 weeks using from 30 to 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure depending on the patient and how much they can manage, this differs from person to person. Another study by (Lotters et al., 2002 pp. 570-577) also had positive results and stated that IMT alone significantly improves inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, whereas the sensation of dyspnoea significantly decreases in patients with COPD. Although there are no significant additional effects of IMT on exercise performance IMT plus general exercise reconditioning has strong significant training effects on inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, especially in patients with inspiratory muscle weakness. In addition, a clinically significant decrease in dyspnoea sensation at rest and during exercise is also a result of IMT. Conclusion In conclusion there is an array of benefits of exercise training demonstrated in the essay which include, increase in exercise capacity, decrease in breathlessness, substantial changes in health related quality of life, decrease in anxiety, and improvements in depression. It has been shown that the inclusion of strength training is also necessary in the exercise prescription to help reduce fatigue; it has shown benefits in relief of respiratory demand in turn reducing dyspnoea. When evaluating anxiety and depression, there have been studies that show a higher rate of depression and anxiety in COPD patients than the general public. In comparison with the general medical population the rate of anxiety was not proven to be higher but much the same, although the level of depression in patients with COPD tended to be higher due to the disease having a reduced physical capacity and knowing that it will gradually get worse. Although by including a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD, patients show a statistically significant fall in both anxiety and depression as they progress in their program, with no patients showing any increases in either depression or anxiety. The inclusion of IMT used by physiotherapists combined with an exercise program has been shown to significantly increase in inspiratory muscle strength and inspiratory muscle endurance leading to the reduction of dyspnoea. Combining all of these techniques help in the management of COPD however it has to be said that although exercise improves certain symptoms of COPD, there still a null outcome when it comes to improvements in lung function (FEV1 or FEV). Referencing Agust A. G. N. (2005) Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American thoracic society, 2 (4), 367-370. Armstrong, C. L. Ed. (2010) Handbook of medical neuropsychology: applications of cognitive neuroscience. New York: Springer. Bourbeau, J. Nault, D. and Borycki, E. (2002) Comprehensive management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canada: BC Decker Inc. Clark, C.J. Cochrane, L. and Mackay, E. (1996) Low intensity peripheral muscle conditioning improves exercise tolerance and breathlessness in COPD. European respiratory journal, 9 (12), 2590-2596 Connolly, M. J. and Yohannes A. M. (2007) A national survey: percussion, vibration, shaking and active cycle breathing techniques used in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiotherapy, 93 (2), 110-113. COOPER C. B. (2001) Exercise in chronic pulmonary disease: aerobic exercise prescription. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise. 33 (7), S671-s679. Couser, Jr. J. I. Martinez, F. J. and Celli, B. R. (1993) Pulmonary rehabilitation that includes arm exercise reduces metabolic and ventilatory requirements for simple arm elevation. CHEST, 103 (1), 37-41. Decramer, M. et al. (2005) Systemic effects of COPD. Respiratory medicine, 99 (2), S3-s10. Grazzini, M. (2005) Pathophysiology of exercise dyspnea in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory medicine, 99(11), 1403-1412. Light, R. W. et al. (1985) Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with COPD. Relationship to functional capacity. Chest, 87 (1), 35-38. Lotters, F. et al (2002), Effects of controlled inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis. European respiratory journal, 20 (3), 570-577. Miles, J. And Roberts, J. (2005) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1st ed London: Class publishing. Mikelsons, M. (2008), The role of physiotherapy in the management of COPD, COPD update: Respiratory medicine, 4(1), 2-7. MIKKELSEN, R. L. (2004) Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, A review. European respiratory society, 58 (1)65-70. Nicholas, J. Rudkin, S. T. and White, R. J. (1999) Anxiety and Depression in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 19 (6), 362-365. NYU Medical Center (1997) COPD AND EXERCISE [ONLINE]. Available at; http://pfrc.med.nyu.edu/handouts/pdf/proced/copdexer.pdf [Accessed 20 April 2011] Patient.co.uk (2010) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [ONLINE]. Available at; http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Chronic-Obstructive-Pulmonary-Disease.htm [Accessed 18 August 2011] Sin, D. D. and Paul Man S. F. (2005) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality. The American thoracic society, 2(1) 8-11. Spahija, J. de Marchie, M. and Grassino, A. (2005) Effects of Imposed Pursed-Lips Breathing on Respiratory Mechanics and Dyspnea at Rest and During Exercise in COPD. Chest,128 (2), 640-650. Vitacca, et al., (1998) Acute effects of deep diaphragmatic breathing in COPD patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. European respiratory journal, 11 (2), 408-415. How to cite Foundations for physiotherapy practice, Essay examples

Marketing Management Selling and Promoting

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Selling and Promoting. Answer: Introduction: According to Hollensen (2015), Marketing involves the selling and promoting the products. Before one jumps into the business it is mandatory that he decide what to sell and where to sell. He added that the planners chalk out the necessary plans to form a network of firms through which the distribution of the product takes place. Let us discuss about the effective distribution channels in detail. Rosenbloom (2012) opined that distribution of products is always the creation of space and time utility. Products should reach at the right place, at the right time and in the proper condition. Otherwise, it fails to satisfy the customers. Basically, it is a process through which the products are transferred from the producers to the customers. According to Iacobucci D (2014), a distribution channel involves the following members: Manufacturer Wholesalers Retailer Consumers Iacobucci D (2014) stated that, before the products are reached to consumers, wholesalers and retailers play the role of the intermediaries who carry the products. The manufacturers are the ones who make the products. Then the wholesalers buy it in large quantities and sell it to the retailers in small quantities. Iacobucci D (2014) added that in many instances, the manufacturers have given the wholesalers the responsibility to transfer goods to the retailers. Rushton et al (2014) opined that another vital task of the wholesaler is to store the large amount of goods to a particular place before they sell it to the retailers. On the other hand, the retailer buys the products from the wholesalers and makes it available for the customers. For example- the manufacturer of the Pixar sells the products to the retailers, i.e. the local movie theatres and then only the customers get it. Oppewal et al (2013) opined that this network of channels might involve another intermediary in the networ k who transfers the goods from the manufacturers to the wholesalers. They are called the agents. During the customers emergency, the agents play a crucial role. They added that it depends on both the nature of the product and the placement of the product to determine the best way to distribute it. Therefore, the planner should consider the following issues before he designs the distribution process. These are as following: Consider the importance of convenience Consider the cost trade-off and customer service Evaluate the major channels of distribution including the number, types, terms and responsibilities. Although the placement of the products is the primary consideration during the distribution channel designing, the marketers need to check the other elements in the marketing mix strategy. These are the price, product, and promotion. Consideration of these parameters helps the planner to design the channel effectively. He can do the planning in various ways. According to Dawson (2014), the categories are: Intensive distribution Selective distribution exclusive distribution Through the intensive distribution system easily transported and inexpensive products are widely distributed. He opined that the marketers use the pull strategy to promote these products directly to the end customers so that they get the product easily. Most of the snack food items are distributed by using Intensive distribution system. While selling the expensive products including cars and appliances, the marketers use the push strategy. As discussed by Wilkinson (2013), it is a limited or selective distribution process. Here the manufacturer exercises his control over the products. However, they impose most control over the products in case of Exclusive distribution. Marketers willing to sell expensive Rolex products use this strategy. Multiple ways and channels also give birth to situations of conflict. Be it the manufacturer, the wholesaler, or the retailer, whoever is large in size, tries to exercise his power over the other members. Undoubtedly, the domination often leads to resentment and lack of cooperation. This is a reason of the collapse in the system. However, these conflicts can be resolved if the businesspersons try to make communication process transparent because it builds trust among the members .It is important to know the others perspectives and for that, they should exchange the personnel for a better understanding. However, third parties can do negotiations. They are the one who understands both and takes the decision neutrally. With the increase of demands and expansion of global market, the distribution system has changed a lot. Online distribution is the best example of it. Nowadays, the decision-makers taking considering the speed and efficiency level of online distribution and they are taking decisions according to that. The advantages of online distributions are- improved communication among the channel members, instant service, cheaper channels, and long-term relationship building with the members. Thus, the products can reach at distant places in shorter time. Reference Dawson, J.A., 2014.The Marketing Environment (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 1). Routledge. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Iacobucci, D., 2014.Marketing management. Cengage Learning. Oppewal, H., Tojib, D.R. and Louvieris, P., 2013. Experimental analysis of consumer channel-mix use.Journal of Business Research,66(11), pp.2226-2233. Rosenbloom, B., 2012.Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Wilkinson, I.F., 2013. Distribution channel management: power considerations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management.

The Life of a Gangster free essay sample

The life of a gangster living in the hood worrying about the getting caught up with police more than losing their life. The streets are a beast and death is around the corner, seeing drug sales to the dope fiends but that doesn’t really mean to much when your family starving. All you want to do is make a way and it seems that the only way is to keep it straight â€Å"G†. Growing up in a low income neighborhood nobody thinks that a little kid out the projects will make it, many don’t, feeling like there’s nobody that cares. Some say that’s what turns a heart cold, kills the little kid soul from a young age. Some also say that many kids were doomed from birth, as in being raised in a household with gangbanging, drug dealing, and shoot outs. These kids seem to be the most common in modern days gangsters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of a Gangster or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Growing up a little boy lived on 5 Martin Luther King Dr. in Charleston South Carolina; he grew up in the midst of gangs, drug dealing, and shootouts. The little boy name was Michael Bright he was born on September 16, 1992, the day he was born his Father was gunned down in a bloody hail of gun fire. After that day it was the beginning of the end for a child that had to be raised in the middle of a gang related violent confrontation, that lasted the over a decade after his birth. When Michael â€Å"lil Mike Bad Azz† Bright was 15 years old he was already a convicted felon, he hung with his older brother and the G’s (Gangsters) at this time lil Mike Bad Azz was a BG (Baby Gangster). They were part of the gang known a G-Shine changed by his older brother Killa Kam from GKB or Gangster Killer Bloods. He put in so much effort to show his brother that he had what it took to be a â€Å"G†, he would go as far as shooting his gun at their enemies but he never actually hit anybody. The day that he went to jail the first time it was for procession of marijuana, you would have thought that he would have learned but this would be the first of many arrests dealing with lil Mike Bad Azz. His older brother Killa Kam tried to prevent lil Mike from having to go through this Gangster life style, Killa Kam was the only person that lil Mike would listen too. On January 1, 2009, Killa Kam was on his way back to their house from hanging with some friends and they stopped at a red light and a van pulled up next to the car and unloaded a heavy arsenal of bullets from Assault Rifles. Killa Kam was brutally murdered on January 1, 2009 never made it to the house. When the news came back, lil Mike knew that the Crips had everything to do with this so he went even harder with his gangster ambitions. Lil Mike started selling Drugs that he bought from the Connect (Drug Lord) and 3 years later he was the Connect and started being referred to as Kilo Mike. He was called that because the amount of work (drugs) that he had and was able to obtain from all of the hard work (doing crimes for higher rank in the gang) that he put in on the streets. It was almost like it was meant for him to be a â€Å"G†; he would go to jail on Friday and be out by Monday. He feared nobody but could you blame him? He lost his Father on the day he was born and he lost the only father figure he’s ever known in Killa Kam when he was only 16. Now he’s 19 and on a path of destruction, His crew is getting smaller he’s starting not to trust anybody. Kilo Mike was always high, had so much of it he was always high off his on supply. Everybody started to seem like enemies to him, he was in a state of paranoia so bad that he slept with guns around him just in case somebody got through his security. It was so sad to see how the Gangster Ambitions took Kilo Mike from wanting to pursue this life style into wanting to run away from it. The contemplation of suicide ran heavy on his mind, but all he could see is his brother Killa Kam telling him to fight until it’s your time. Kilo Mike was something like a Ghetto legend he started giving gifts, food on holidays and school supplies at the end of the summer to the kids in his neighborhood. He just knew if Killa Kam and even his father was alive they would both be proud of how he’s using his wealth and fortune to give back. But the streets grasp pulled him back in and he assassinated on September 16, 2016 at the young age of 24 in front of his house. The life he represented and wanted to prove that he was just like his Father and Brother, was the same life that took his.

The 11 Best SAT Snacks to Help You Get Through the Test

The 11 Best SAT Snacks to Help You Get Through the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Snacks are one of the most overlooked yet most necessary parts of your SAT planning. Snacks can be an energy fueler, helping you to power through the SAT. However, the wrong snacks can be energy drainers, making you crash during the marathon that is the SAT. In this guide, I’ll talk about the importance of snacks, what makes a good snack and provide 11 SAT snack options. I’ll also let you know what snacks to avoid. The Importance of SAT Snacks The last thing you want is to be part way through a section when you feel your stomach start to grumble.The SAT is stressful enough without this type of additional distraction.You don’t want your concentration to be disturbed by a need for food. You need a snack that will keep your stomach satisfied, help fuel your brain, and won’t leave you craving more or crashing.The right snacks can set you up for SAT success, but the wrong snacks can lead to a worsened SAT performance. I’d recommend you bring three good snacks (or one snack that you have three portions of) so that you have one snack per break (since there are three breaks during the SAT). What Makes Good SAT Snacks While sugar and simple carbs will provide you with a quick energy boost, they will also provide you with a steep crash.The crash can bring with it a lack of focus and sleepiness, which you don’t want.Also, empty carbs can cause cravings and make you feel more hungry than you were to begin with.Avoid snacks that are entirely made up of simple carbs and/or sugar andcorn syrup. A good snack will be packed with healthy fats (Omega-3s) and/or protein.Healthy fats make you feel satiated, so it’ll be unlikely you’ll have any stomach grumbling.Additionally, both healthy fats and protein boost brain function, putting you in the best mindset to ace the SAT. A good snack should also be easy to transport. Below I’ve created a list of the 11 best SAT snacks. Snack #1: Nuts Nuts are great snacks because they’re high in protein and healthy fat, low in carb.They are very satisfying and will help boost brain function.Choose any nut you like: almonds, cashews, walnuts, macadamia nuts, etc. I'd recommend you try to stick to just plain nuts or nuts and dried fruit trail mixesrather than trail mixes that add in chocolate or candies.The candies and sugar could cause that unwanted crash and lead to fatigue. Go nuts for nuts! Snack #2: Jerky Jerky is a super easy to transport snack that's packed with protein to fuel you. Any type of jerky will do: beef, pork, turkey, salmon, etc. Pick whatever type you like best! Snack #3: Carrots or Celery Sticks and Nut Butter Veggies and nut butter can be a more enjoyable way to eat nuts (for the picky eaters of the world like me!).While I hate raw nuts, I love nut butters.Nut butters have the same great healthy fats and proteins to boost that brain function and keep you satiated. Anut butter that is natural (just nuts and maybe salt)is preferable to one with added sugar and/or corn syrup, but if you can only find the latter, that's fine. Snack #4: VeggieChips/Corn Chips and Guacamole Guacamole is a great source of omega 3s.You can buy single serving packs of guacamole by Sabra or Wholly Guacamole at your local Target, Walmart, or another grocery store. I'd recommend eating it with corn or veggie chips over potato chips for a slightly healthier option, but potato chips are okay. This is a good snack for those with allergies since you can avoid nuts, dairy, and eggs with this tasty and healthy snack. Guac for days. Snack #5: Cheese This is a great choice for picky eaters; seriously, who doesn't like cheese? I'd recommend an easy to eat/transport option such as string cheese and/or Babybel. Cheese is packed with fat and protein tosatisfy your food cravings and give you brain power to ace the test. Snack #6: Carrots or Celery Sticks and Hummus This is another good choice for those with allergies because you can avoid dairy, eggs, wheat, and nuts.It’s a really tasty and filling snack.It’s more protein than fat, which is fine. However, I’d probably recommend you only eat this for one of your three snacks as it’s not as filling as some of the other snacks listed on this list.Choose a higher fat packed snack such as the veggiechips and guac as your other snack to keep a good balance of proteins and fat. Snack #7: Dried Fruit Dried fruits are packed with nutrients to give you a boost during the SAT. Try topickdried fruit with no added sugar.If you can only find dried fruit with added sugar, I'd recommend mixing them with nuts to create a trail mix that offsets that sugar with healthy fat and protein. If you don't mix the dried fruit with nuts,I’d probably recommend you only eat dried fruit for one of your three snacks;it’s not as satiating as some of the other snacks listed on this list.Choose a fat and proteinpacked snack such as the veggie sticks and nut butteras your other snack. Colorful dried fruit rainbow. Snack #8: Apple or Banana and Nut Butter This snack is another great way to eat nuts if you’re a picky eater.Just as I said in the veggie and nut butter section, try to opt for a naturalnut butter over the processed ones with sugar and/or corn syrup. Snack #9:Fruit and Nut Bars I love these kinds of bars, and as a very picky eater, I can be hard to impress. I'd recommend KIND or Larabars because these bars contain very few ingredients and only natural ingredients.They’re made primarily with dried fruit and nuts, so they’re packed with healthy fats and nutrients. I’d recommend choosing one of the bars without chocolatesince you don’t need any added sugar. I’d also suggest you only use this for one of your snacks since the dried fruit add some sugar (albeit natural sugar).Offset it with other snacks that are protein and/or fat packed such as stringcheese. Snack #10: Seeds Seeds are packed with fats to keep you focused during your test. Any seeds will work: pumpkin seeds (aka pepitas), flax seeds, sunflower seeds, etc.You can also mix seeds with nuts to make a yummy and healthy trail mix.This is an easy to make and easy to transport snack that’ll keep you full and focused. Snack #11: Water While water may not be exactly a snack, I felt it was crucial to have on this list.If you get dehydrated on test day, you can lose focus and potentially end up with a worse score.Bring one bottle of water in addition to your three snacks. While your test center may have a water fountain, you don’t want to rely on that, and you also don’t want to be waiting in line throughout your whole break to use the water fountain. However, avoid drinking too much water because you don’t want to get the urge to pee in the middle of your test.I’d recommend splitting the one bottle of water into three portions (you don’t literally have to split it, but imagine it).Consume at most one portion each break. Water: the cool kid's drink. SAT Snacks To Avoid While you don’t necessarily have to eat one of the snacks on this list, you at least need to avoid sugar-filled or corn syrup filled snacks such as candy.You should also avoid simple carbs such as potato chips.These kinds of snacks are not filling and not nutritious. You'll just end up craving more food after eating these types of snacks. Also, avoid coffee.If you’ve never had coffee before, don’t try it on the day of your SAT.If you’re a regular coffee drinker, limit yourself to one cup.Too much coffee will make you jittery and then will cause a steep crash.If you feel the need for more caffeine, opt for green tea! Tips for Test Day Success To ensure you walk into your test center feeling calm and ready, you want to follow our three steps for test day success. Step #1: Pack all of your belongings the night before so that you're not scrambling the morning of the test. Pack your SAT admissions ticket, picture ID, calculator, extra batteries, pencils, eraser, pencil sharpener, watch, snacks (if non-perishable) and water bottle. Step #2: Go to bed early.Make sure you get eight hours of sleep so that you feel well rested. Wake up at least an hour before you need to leave for your test center. This way you'll feel awake by the time you get to the test center. Step #3: Eat a goodbreakfast in the morning.Eggs, greek yogurt, and oatmeal are all great options for breakfast. While eating breakfast, read the newspaper to get your brain going. Follow these steps, and you'll be well prepared to take the SAT. What’s Next? Preparing to take the SAT? Learn how you should spend the night before the SAT. Also, check out the rules and regulations for the test, so you don’t make a mistake. Do you know what your dream college is? Find out what SAT score you need to get in! Learn about what is important to colleges. Not sure where you want to go to college? We will help you find your target schooland help you figure out what your SAT target score should be. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!